127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 20 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 17
127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 200 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 195
127.0.0.1:6379> setrange s 3 100
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 152
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"1x00x00100"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 108
127.0.0.1:6379> getset s 200
"1x00x00100"
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"200"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) -1

127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 100 test
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"test"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 94
127.0.0.1:6379> type s
string
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen s
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> persist s
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"test"

127.0.0.1:6379> expire s 200
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 198
127.0.0.1:6379> rename s ss
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl ss
(integer) 187
127.0.0.1:6379> type ss
string
127.0.0.1:6379> get ss
"test"

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Expires API
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
int removeExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 /* An expire may only be removed if there is a corresponding entry in the
 * main dict. Otherwise, the key will never be freed. */
 redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr) != NULL);
 return dictDelete(db->expires,key->ptr) == DICT_OK;
}
 
void setExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key, long long when) {
 dictEntry *kde, *de;
 
 /* Reuse the sds from the main dict in the expire dict */
 kde = dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr);
 redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,kde != NULL);
 de = dictReplaceRaw(db->expires,dictGetKey(kde));
 dictSetSignedIntegerVal(de,when);
}
 
/* Return the expire time of the specified key, or -1 if no expire
 * is associated with this key (i.e. the key is non volatile) */
long long getExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 dictEntry *de;
 
 /* No expire? return ASAP */
 if (dictSize(db->expires) == 0 ||
 (de = dictFind(db->expires,key->ptr)) == NULL) return -1;
 
 /* The entry was found in the expire dict, this means it should also
 * be present in the main dict (safety check). */
 redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr) != NULL);
 return dictGetSignedIntegerVal(de);
}
 
/* Propagate expires into slaves and the AOF file.
 * When a key expires in the master, a DEL operation for this key is sent
 * to all the slaves and the AOF file if enabled.
 *
 * This way the key expiry is centralized in one place, and since both
 * AOF and the master->slave link guarantee operation ordering, everything
 * will be consistent even if we allow write operations against expiring
 * keys. */
void propagateExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 robj *argv[2];
 
 argv[0] = shared.del;
 argv[1] = key;
 incrRefCount(argv[0]);
 incrRefCount(argv[1]);
 
 if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF)
 feedAppendOnlyFile(server.delCommand,db->id,argv,2);
 replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,db->id,argv,2);
 
 decrRefCount(argv[0]);
 decrRefCount(argv[1]);
}
 
int expireIfNeeded(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 mstime_t when = getExpire(db,key);
 mstime_t now;
 
 if (when < 0) return 0; /* No expire for this key */ /* Don't expire anything while loading. It will be done later. */ if (server.loading) return 0; /* If we are in the context of a Lua script, we claim that time is * blocked to when the Lua script started. This way a key can expire * only the first time it is accessed and not in the middle of the * script execution, making propagation to slaves / AOF consistent. * See issue #1525 on Github for more information. */ now = server.lua_caller ? server.lua_time_start : mstime(); /* If we are running in the context of a slave, return ASAP: * the slave key expiration is controlled by the master that will * send us synthesized DEL operations for expired keys. * * Still we try to return the right information to the caller, * that is, 0 if we think the key should be still valid, 1 if * we think the key is expired at this time. */ if (server.masterhost != NULL) return now > when;
 
 /* Return when this key has not expired */
 if (now <= when) return 0; /* Delete the key */ server.stat_expiredkeys++; propagateExpire(db,key); notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_EXPIRED, "expired",key,db->id);
 return dbDelete(db,key);
}
 
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Expires Commands
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
/* This is the generic command implementation for EXPIRE, PEXPIRE, EXPIREAT
 * and PEXPIREAT. Because the commad second argument may be relative or absolute
 * the "basetime" argument is used to signal what the base time is (either 0
 * for *AT variants of the command, or the current time for relative expires).
 *
 * unit is either UNIT_SECONDS or UNIT_MILLISECONDS, and is only used for
 * the argv[2] parameter. The basetime is always specified in milliseconds. */
void expireGenericCommand(redisClient *c, long long basetime, int unit) {
 robj *key = c->argv[1], *param = c->argv[2];
 long long when; /* unix time in milliseconds when the key will expire. */
 
 if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c, param, &when, NULL) != REDIS_OK)
 return;
 
 if (unit == UNIT_SECONDS) when *= 1000;
 when += basetime;
 
 /* No key, return zero. */
 if (lookupKeyRead(c->db,key) == NULL) {
 addReply(c,shared.czero);
 return;
 }
 
 /* EXPIRE with negative TTL, or EXPIREAT with a timestamp into the past
 * should never be executed as a DEL when load the AOF or in the context
 * of a slave instance.
 *
 * Instead we take the other branch of the IF statement setting an expire
 * (possibly in the past) and wait for an explicit DEL from the master. */
 if (when <= mstime() && !server.loading && !server.masterhost) { robj *aux; redisAssertWithInfo(c,key,dbDelete(c->db,key));
 server.dirty++;
 
 /* Replicate/AOF this as an explicit DEL. */
 aux = createStringObject("DEL",3);
 rewriteClientCommandVector(c,2,aux,key);
 decrRefCount(aux);
 signalModifiedKey(c->db,key);
 notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_GENERIC,"del",key,c->db->id);
 addReply(c, shared.cone);
 return;
 } else {
 setExpire(c->db,key,when);
 addReply(c,shared.cone);
 signalModifiedKey(c->db,key);
 notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_GENERIC,"expire",key,c->db->id);
 server.dirty++;
 return;
 }
}
 
void expireCommand(redisClient *c) {
 expireGenericCommand(c,mstime(),UNIT_SECONDS);
}
 
void expireatCommand(redisClient *c) {
 expireGenericCommand(c,0,UNIT_SECONDS);
}
 
void pexpireCommand(redisClient *c) {
 expireGenericCommand(c,mstime(),UNIT_MILLISECONDS);
}
 
void pexpireatCommand(redisClient *c) {
 expireGenericCommand(c,0,UNIT_MILLISECONDS);
}
 
void ttlGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int output_ms) {
 long long expire, ttl = -1;
 
 /* If the key does not exist at all, return -2 */
 if (lookupKeyRead(c->db,c->argv[1]) == NULL) {
 addReplyLongLong(c,-2);
 return;
 }
 /* The key exists. Return -1 if it has no expire, or the actual
 * TTL value otherwise. */
 expire = getExpire(c->db,c->argv[1]);
 if (expire != -1) {
 ttl = expire-mstime();
 if (ttl < 0) ttl = 0; } if (ttl == -1) { addReplyLongLong(c,-1); } else { addReplyLongLong(c,output_ms ? ttl : ((ttl+500)/1000)); } } void ttlCommand(redisClient *c) { ttlGenericCommand(c, 0); } void pttlCommand(redisClient *c) { ttlGenericCommand(c, 1); } void persistCommand(redisClient *c) { dictEntry *de; de = dictFind(c->db->dict,c->argv[1]->ptr);
 if (de == NULL) {
 addReply(c,shared.czero);
 } else {
 if (removeExpire(c->db,c->argv[1])) {
  addReply(c,shared.cone);
  server.dirty++;
 } else {
  addReply(c,shared.czero);
 }
 }
}

#define ACTIVE_EXPIRE_CYCLE_SLOW_TIME_PERC 25 /* CPU max % for keys collection */ 
... 
timelimit = 1000000*ACTIVE_EXPIRE_CYCLE_SLOW_TIME_PERC/server.hz/100;

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like 
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are 
# never requested, and so forth. 
# 
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for 
# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value. 
# 
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when 
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when 
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be 
# handled with more precision. 
# 
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not 
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to 
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required. 
hz 10 
 
# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory 
# is reached. You can select among five behaviors: 
# 
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm 
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key according to the LRU algorithm 
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set 
# allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key 
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL) 
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations 
# 
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write 
# operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction. 
# 
# At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append 
# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd 
# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby 
# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby 
# getset mset msetnx exec sort 
# 
# The default is: 
# 
maxmemory-policy noeviction 
 
# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated 
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or 
# accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was 
# used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following 
# configuration directive. 
# 
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely 
# true LRU but costs a bit more CPU. 3 is very fast but not very accurate. 
# 
maxmemory-samples 5