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JSP安全开发之XSS漏洞详解

时间：2022-06-27 23:53 编辑：来源：阅读：
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摘要：JSP安全开发之XSS漏洞详解

[b]前言[/b] 大家好，好男人就是我，我就是好男人，我就是-0nise。在各大漏洞举报平台，我们时常会看到XSS漏洞。那么问题来了，为何会出现这种漏洞？出现这种漏洞应该怎么修复？ [b]正文 [/b] 1.XSS？XSS？XSS是什么鬼？ XSS又叫跨站脚本攻击(Cross Site Scripting)，我不会告诉他原本是叫CSS的，但是为了不和我们所用的层叠样式表(Cascading Style Sheets)CSS搞混。CSS(跨站脚本攻击),CSS(层叠样式表)傻傻分不清。所以就叫XSS咯。 2.XSS的危害是什么？实验一： 0x00构造代码

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
 <head>
 <base href="<%=basePath%>">
 <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
  <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> 
  <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
  <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
 </head>
 <body>
 <div style="margin: 0 auto">
 <%
//设置编码
   request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//接收用户传入值
   String tmp = request.getParameter("opr");
   //减速传入值是否为空
   if(tmp == null){
     out.print("111");
   }else{
     //转码
     String opr = new String(tmp.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"utf-8");
     out.print(opr);
   }
 %>
   我是内容
 </div>
 </body>
</html>

0x01环境布局 [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100117_0_66177.png[/img] 0x02漏洞演练我们访问:http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=i%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100117_1_21215.png[/img] 然后访问:http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=0nise [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100118_2_30089.png[/img] 最后我们发现了一个“伟大的规律”： opr参数等于什么页面就打印什么。（好像是废话）我们接着来加载一个图片看看访问:http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=%3Cimg%20src=%221.png%22%3E%3C/img%3E [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100118_3_190.png[/img] 既然图片都可以加载，那么我们JS文件是不是也阔以加载呢？访问：[url=http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=%3Cscript%3Ealert(/i%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6/)%3C/script%3E]http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=%3Cscript%3Ealert(/i%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6/)%3C/script%3E[/url] [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100119_4_75075.png[/img] Js？Js？那么是不是可以来改变跳转后地址？访问：[url=http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=%3Cscript%3Elocation.href=%27http://bbs.ichunqiu.com%27%3C/script%3E]http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=%3Cscript%3Elocation.href=%27http://bbs.ichunqiu.com%27%3C/script%3E[/url] [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100119_5_43986.png[/img] 既然xss都可以加载js，那么，我们是不是通过js来打开本地的某些东西？ [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100120_6_93721.png[/img] 提前放了一个MD5.exe文件访问：[url=http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=<script]http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=<script[/url]> var objShell = new ActiveXObject("wscript.shell");objShell.Run("G:/work/XSS/WebRoot/Md5.exe");</script> [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100120_7_45365.png[/img] 既然连本地文件都可以打开那么远程文件木马？来个电脑恶搞？这个自己慢慢象限。我可没说啊。。。。。文件都可以打开，那么写一些文件呢？访问：[url=http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=%3Cscript%3Evar%20fso,tf;fso%20=%20new%20ActiveXObject(%22Scripting.FileSystemObject%22);tf%20=%20fso.CreateTextFile(%22d:\test.txt%22,true);tf.WriteLine(%22i%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E6%82%A8%22);tf.Close();alert(%22%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%86%99%E5%85%A5%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%EF%BC%81%22);%3C/script%3E]http://localhost:8080/XSS/index.jsp?opr=%3Cscript%3Evar%20fso,tf;fso%20=%20new%20ActiveXObject(%22Scripting.FileSystemObject%22);tf%20=%20fso.CreateTextFile(%22d:\test.txt%22,true);tf.WriteLine(%22i%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E6%82%A8%22);tf.Close();alert(%22%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%86%99%E5%85%A5%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%EF%BC%81%22);%3C/script%3E[/url] [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100121_8_54971.png[/img] [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100121_9_48861.png[/img] 通过以上实验我们可以看出opr参数赋值操作。如果opr参数没有值的话，就无法执行执行，被攻击者必须访问攻击者提前设计好的才能攻击。这种XSS攻击方式叫做:存储型XSS 如果你想看到更给力的实验，请接着往下看。 [b]实验二：[/b] 前言：大部分网站都会和数据打交道那么，XSS漏洞出现这些网站是什么样子的？ 0x00构造代码数据库部分 [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100122_10_47366.png[/img] BaseDao.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class BaseDAO {
  //打开连接
  public Connection getConn(){
    Connection conn = null;
    try {
      Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=SQLTMP","sa","sa");
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
 
    return conn;
  }
   
  //关闭链接的方法
  public void closeAll(Connection conn,Statement stat,ResultSet rs){
    try {
      if(rs != null)
        rs.close();
      if(stat != null)
        stat.close();
      if(conn != null)
        conn.close();
       
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  //重载关闭方法
  public void closeAll(Connection conn,PreparedStatement pstat,ResultSet rs){
    try {
      if(rs != null)
        rs.close();
      if(pstat != null)
        pstat.close();
      if(conn != null)
        conn.close();
       
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  //继续重载
  public void closeAll(Connection conn,PreparedStatement pstat){
    try {
      if(pstat != null)
        pstat.close();
      if(conn != null)
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  //增删改的公用方法
  public int upDate(String sql,Object[] pram){
     
    PreparedStatement pstat = null;
    Connection conn = null;
    int a = 0;
     
    try {
      conn = getConn();
      pstat =conn.prepareStatement(sql);
      //遍历参数集合，将集合中的参数对应添加到sql语句中
      for (int i = 1; i <= pram.length; i++) {
        pstat.setObject(i, pram[i-1]);
      }
      //调用方法
      a = pstat.executeUpdate();
       
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
      closeAll(conn, pstat);
    }
    return a;
  }
}

CommentDao.java

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
import entity.*;
public class CommentDao extends BaseDAO {
  /**
   * 获取所有留言
   * */
  public List<comm> GetComment(){
    //SQL语句
    String sql = "SELECT CID,CName,CContext FROM Comments";
    List<comm> list = new ArrayList<comm>();
    //数据库连接对象
    Connection conn = null;
    //SQL执行对象
    PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
    //数据库执行返回值
    ResultSet rs = null;
    try {
      //创建数据库链接
      conn = this.getConn();
      //创建SQL执行对象
      pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
      //执行SQL语句  返回值
      rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
      //读取
      while (rs.next()) {
        comm comment = new comm();
        comment.setCID(rs.getInt("CID"));
        comment.setCName(rs.getString("CName"));
        comment.setCContext(rs.getString("CContext"));
        list.add(comment);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
      //关闭
      this.closeAll(conn, pstmt, rs);
    }
    return list;
  }
  public int AddComment(comm comment){
    String sql = "INSERT INTO Comments VALUES(?,?)";
    //受影响行数
    int result = 0;  
    //数据库连接对象
    Connection conn = null;
    //SQL执行对象
    PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
    try {
      //创建数据库链接
      conn = this.getConn();
      //创建SQL执行对象
      pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
      //设置参数
      pstmt.setString(1, comment.getCName());
      pstmt.setString(2, comment.getCContext());
      //执行SQL语句
      result = pstmt.executeUpdate();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
      this.closeAll(conn, pstmt);
    }
    return result;
  }
}

CommentServlvet

import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import entity.*;
public class CommentServlvet extends HttpServlet {
  /**
   * doGet()
   */
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {
    request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    String opr = request.getParameter("opr");
    CommentDao commentDao = new CommentDao();
    //检索参数是否为空
    if(opr == null || opr.equals("all")){
      request.setAttribute("all", commentDao.GetComment());
      //转发
      request.getRequestDispatcher("comment.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }else if (opr.equals("add")){
      comm comment = new comm();
      comment.setCName(request.getParameter("UName"));
      comment.setCContext(request.getParameter("context"));
      if(commentDao.AddComment(comment) > 0){
        out.print("<script>alert('留言成功');location.href='CommentServlvet?opr=all';</script>");
      }else{
        out.print("<script>alert('留言失败');location.href='CommentServlvet?opr=all';</script>");
      }
    }else{
      request.setAttribute("all", commentDao.GetComment());
      //转发
      request.getRequestDispatcher("comment.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }
    out.flush();
    out.close();
  }
 
  /**
   * doPost()
   */
  public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {
    doGet(request, response);
  }
}

Comment.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,entity.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
 <head>
 <base href="<%=basePath%>">
 <title>My JSP 'comment.jsp' starting page</title>
  <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> 
  <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
  <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
 </head>
 <body>
 <%
   request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
   if(request.getAttribute("all") == null){
     request.getRequestDispatcher("CommentServlvet?opr=all").forward(request, response);
   }
 %>
 <table>
 <%
   List<entity.comm> list = (List<entity.comm>)request.getAttribute("all");
    for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++ ){
 %>
     <tr>
     <td><%=list.get(i).getCName() %></td>
     <td><%=list.get(i).getCContext() %></td>
     </tr>
     <%
   }
 %>
 </table>
 <form action="CommentServlvet?opr=add" method="post">
   <textarea rows="5" cols="30" name="context"></textarea>
   昵称:<input type="text" name="UName" />
   <input type="submit" value="提交" />
 </form>
 </body>
</html>

0x01漏洞实验 [code]root@1~# [/code] 我们在留言板留言： [code]<script> var objShell = new ActiveXObject("wscript.shell");objShell.Run("G:/work/XSS/WebRoot/Md5.exe");</script>[/code] [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100122_11_71375.png[/img] 然后访问:http://localhost:8080/XSS/comment.jsp [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100123_12_72352.png[/img] 这样只要访问这个页面，软件就自动打开了，来个远程文件？慢慢领悟。 [code]root@2~# [/code] 我们在留言板留言：

[url=http://localhost:8080/XSS/comment.jsp]http://localhost:8080/XSS/comment.jsp[/url] [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100123_13_13847.png[/img] 文件写入成功。 [code]root@3~#[/code] 留言内容: [code]<script>location.href='http://bbs.ichunqiu.com'</script>[code] 访问页面:http://localhost:8080/XSS/comment.jsp [img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100124_14_86918.png[/img] 访问留言页面自动跳转到攻击者特定的网站。难道这就是传说中的劫持吗？ [b]3.XSS防御方案[/b] 正所谓哪里有攻击，哪里就有防御。XSS一样，有攻击的方式，也有防御的方案。 EL表达式+JSTL标签库 EL（Expression Language）：[size=12.0000pt]为了使JSP写起来更简单。表达式语言的灵感来自于ECMAScript和XPath表达式语语言，他提供了JSP中简化表达式的方法，让jsp代码更简单。 JSTL（JSP Standard Tag Library):开放源代码的JSP标签库。实验一防御代码：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
 <head>
 <base href="<%=basePath%>"> 
 <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
  <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> 
  <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
  <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
 </head>
 <body>
 <div style="margin: 0 auto">
 <%
   request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
   String tmp = request.getParameter("opr");
   //减速传入值是否为空
   if(tmp == null){
     out.print("111");
   }else{
     //转码
     String opr = new String(tmp.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"utf-8");
     request.setAttribute("name", opr);
     %>
     <c:out value="${requestScope.name }"></c:out>
     <%
   }
 %>
   我是内容
 </div>
 </body>
</html>

[img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100124_15_73327.png[/img] 实验二防御代码：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,entity.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
 <head>
 <base href="<%=basePath%>">
 <title>My JSP 'comment.jsp' starting page</title>
  <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> 
  <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
  <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
 </head>
 <body>
 <%
   request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
   if(request.getAttribute("all") == null){
     request.getRequestDispatcher("CommentServlvet?opr=all").forward(request, response);
   }
 %>
 <table>
<!-- 防御XSS方案 -->
 <c:forEach var="x" items="${requestScope.all }">
 <tr>
   <td>
   <c:out value="${x.getCName() }"></c:out>
   </td>
   <td>
   <c:out value="${x.getCContext() }"></c:out>
   </td>
 </tr>
 </c:forEach>
 </table>
 <form action="CommentServlvet?opr=add" method="post">
   <textarea rows="5" cols="30" name="context"></textarea>
   昵称:<input type="text" name="UName" />
   <input type="submit" value="提交" />
 </form>
 </body>
</html>

[img]http://img.1sucai.cn/uploads/article/2018010710/20180107100125_16_63414.png[/img] [b]结束语[/b] 技术无黑白，专研甚好。

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