$ wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-0.7.2.tar.gz

$ tar xzf pip-0.7.2.tar.gz

$ cd pip-0.7.2

$ python setup.py install

$ pip install pillow

$ xcode-select —install

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> im = Image.open("lena.ppm")

>>> from __future__ import print_function
>>> print(im.format, im.size, im.mode)

PPM (512, 512) RGB

>>> im.show()

from __future__ import print_function
import os, sys
from PIL import Image

for infile in sys.argv[1:]:
 f, e = os.path.splitext(infile)
 outfile = f + ".jpg"
 if infile != outfile:
  try:
   Image.open(infile).save(outfile)
  except IOError:
   print("cannot convert", infile)

from __future__ import print_function
import os, sys
from PIL import Image

size = (128, 128)

for infile in sys.argv[1:]:
 outfile = os.path.splitext(infile)[0] + ".thumbnail"
 if infile != outfile:
  try:
   im = Image.open(infile)
   im.thumbnail(size)
   im.save(outfile, "JPEG")
  except IOError:
   print("cannot create thumbnail for", infile)

from __future__ import print_function
import sys
from PIL import Image

for infile in sys.argv[1:]:
 try:
  with Image.open(infile) as im:
   print(infile, im.format, "%dx%d" % im.size, im.mode)
 except IOError:
  pass

box = im.copy() #直接复制图像
box = (100, 100, 400, 400)
region = im.crop(box)

region = region.transpose(Image.ROTATE_180)
im.paste(region, box)

Rolling an image

def roll(image, delta):
 "Roll an image sideways"

 image = image.copy() #复制图像
 xsize, ysize = image.size

 delta = delta % xsize
 if delta == 0: return image

 part1 = image.crop((0, 0, delta, ysize))
 part2 = image.crop((delta, 0, xsize, ysize))
 image.paste(part2, (0, 0, xsize-delta, ysize))
 image.paste(part1, (xsize-delta, 0, xsize, ysize))

 return image

r, g, b = im.split()
im = Image.merge("RGB", (b, g, r))

out = im.resize((128, 128))
out = im.rotate(45) # 顺时针角度表示

out = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
out = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
out = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_90)
out = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_180)
out = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_270)

im = Image.open('lena.ppm').convert('L')

from PIL import ImageFilter
out = im.filter(ImageFilter.DETAIL) 

# multiply each pixel by 1.2
out = im.point(lambda i: i * 1.2)

# split the image into individual bands
source = im.split()

R, G, B = 0, 1, 2

# select regions where red is less than 100
mask = source[R].point(lambda i: i < 100 and 255)

# process the green band
out = source[G].point(lambda i: i * 0.7)

# paste the processed band back, but only where red was < 100
source[G].paste(out, None, mask)

# build a new multiband image
im = Image.merge(im.mode, source)

mask = source[R].point(lambda i: i < 100 and 255)

imout = im.point(lambda i: expression and 255)

from PIL import ImageEnhance

enh = ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)
enh.enhance(1.3).show("30% more contrast")

from PIL import Image

im = Image.open("animation.gif")
im.seek(1) # skip to the second frame

try:
 while 1:
  im.seek(im.tell()+1)
  # do something to im
except EOFError:
 pass # end of sequence

class ImageSequence:
 def __init__(self, im):
  self.im = im
 def __getitem__(self, ix):
  try:
   if ix:
    self.im.seek(ix)
   return self.im
  except EOFError:
   raise IndexError # end of sequence

for frame in ImageSequence(im):
 # ...do something to frame...
Postscript Printing

Drawing Postscript

from PIL import Image
from PIL import PSDraw

im = Image.open("lena.ppm")
title = "lena"
box = (1*72, 2*72, 7*72, 10*72) # in points

ps = PSDraw.PSDraw() # default is sys.stdout
ps.begin_document(title)

# draw the image (75 dpi)
ps.image(box, im, 75)
ps.rectangle(box)

# draw centered title
ps.setfont("HelveticaNarrow-Bold", 36)
w, h, b = ps.textsize(title)
ps.text((4*72-w/2, 1*72-h), title)

ps.end_document()

import StringIO

im = Image.open(StringIO.StringIO(buffer))

from PIL import TarIO

fp = TarIO.TarIO("Imaging.tar", "Imaging/test/lena.ppm")
im = Image.open(fp)

from __future__ import print_function
im = Image.open(file)
print("original =", im.mode, im.size)

im.draft("L", (100, 100))
print("draft =", im.mode, im.size)