class Singleton(object):
  def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
    if not hasattr(cls,'_inst'):
      cls._inst=super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
    return cls._inst
if __name__=='__main__':
  class A(Singleton):
    def __init__(self,s):
      self.s=s   
  a=A('apple')  
  b=A('banana')
  print id(a),a.s
  print id(b),b.s

class Borg(object):
  _shared_state={}
  def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
    obj=super(Borg,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
    obj.__dict__=cls._shared_state
    return obj

if __name__=='__main__':
  class Example(Borg):
    pass
  a=Example()
  b=Example()
  c=Example()
  adict={}
  j=0
  for i in a,b,c:
    adict[i]=j
    j+=1
  for i in a,b,c:
    print adict[i]

class Borg(object):
  _shared_state={}
  def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
    obj=super(Borg,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
    obj.__dict__=cls._shared_state
    return obj
  def __hash__(self):
    return 1
  def __eq__(self,other):
    try:
      return self.__dict__ is other.__dict__
    except:
      return False
if __name__=='__main__':
  class Example(Borg):
    pass
  a=Example()
  b=Example()
  c=Example()
  adict={}
  j=0
  for i in a,b,c:
    adict[i]=j
    j+=1
  for i in a,b,c:
    print adict[i]

class Singleton(type):
  def __init__(self,name,bases,class_dict):
    super(Singleton,self).__init__(name,bases,class_dict)
    self._instance=None
  def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    if self._instance is None:
      self._instance=super(Singleton,self).__call__(*args,**kwargs)
    return self._instance
if __name__=='__main__':
  class A(object):
    __metaclass__=Singleton    
  a=A()
  b=A()
  print id(a),id(b)

class _singleton(object):
  class ConstError(TypeError):
    pass
  def __setattr__(self,name,value):
    if name in self.__dict__:
      raise self.ConstError
    self.__dict__[name]=value
  def __delattr__(self,name):
    if name in self.__dict__:
      raise self.ConstError
    raise NameError
import sys
sys.modules[__name__]=_singleton()

>>> import single
>>> single.a=1
>>> single.a=2

class singleton(object):
  pass
singleton=singleton()