class LNode:
 def __init__(self, elem, next_=None):
  self.elem = elem
  self.next = next_

class LinkedListUnderflow(ValueError):
 pass
class LList:
 def __init__(self):
  self._head = None
 def is_empty(self):
  return self._head is None
 def prepend(self, elem):
  self._head = LNode(elem, self._head)
 def pop(self):
  if self._head is None:
   raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop')
  e = self._head.elem
  self._head = self._head.next
  return e
 def append(self, elem):
  if self._head is None:
   self._head = LNode(elem)
   return
  p = self._head
  while p.next is not None:
   p = p.next
  p.next = LNode(elem)
 def pop_last(self):
  if self._head is None:
   raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop_last')
  p = self._head
  if p.next is None:
   e = p.elem
   self._head = None
   return e
  while p.next.next is not None:
   p = p.next
  e = p.next.elem
  p.next = None
  return e

class LList1(LList):
 def __init__(self):
  LList.__init__(self)
  self._rear = None
 ...

def prepend(self, elem):
 if self._head is None:
  self._head = LNode(elem)
  self._rear = self._head
 else:
  self._head = LNode(elem, self._head)
def append(self, elem):
 if self._head is None:
  self._head = LNode(elem)
  self._rear = self._head
 else:
  self._rear.next = LNode(elem)
  self._rear = self._rear.next
def pop_last(self):
 if self._head is None:
  raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop_last')
 p = self._head
 if p.next is None:
  e = p.elem
  self._head = None
  return e
 while p.next.next is not None:
  p = p.next
 e = p.next.elem
 self._rear = p
 p.next = None
 return e

class LCList:
 def __init__(self):
  self._rear = None
 def prepend(self, elem):
  if self._rear is None:
   self._rear = LNode(elem)
   self._rear.next = self._rear
  else:
   self._rear.next = LNode(elem, self._rear.next)
 def append(self, elem):
  self.prepend(elem)
  self_rear = self._rear.next
 def pop(self):
  if self._rear is None:
   raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop')
  p = self._rear.next
  if p is None:
   self._rear = None
  else:
   self._rear.next = p.next
  return p.elem
 def printall(self):
  if self._rear is None:
   raise ...
  p = self._rear.next
  while True:
   print(p.elem)
   if p is self._rear:
    break
   p = p.next