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python中使用sys模板和logging模块获取行号和函数名的方法

  • 时间:2021-07-09 02:35 编辑: 来源: 阅读:
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摘要:python中使用sys模板和logging模块获取行号和函数名的方法
对于python,这几天一直有两个问题在困扰我: 1.python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名。这是有人在论坛里提出的问题,底下一群人只是在猜测python为什么不像__file__一样提供__line__和__func__,但是却最终也没有找到解决方案。 2.如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下,怎么才能递归调用自己。这是我一个同事问我的,其实也是获取函数名,但是当时也是回答不出来。 但是今晚!所有的问题都有了答案。 一切还要从我用python的logging模块说起,logging中的format中是有如下选项的:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
%(name)s            Name of the logger (logging channel) %(levelno)s         Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,                     WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL) %(levelname)s       Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO",                     "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL") %(pathname)s        Full pathname of the source file where the logging                     call was issued (if available) %(filename)s        Filename portion of pathname %(module)s          Module (name portion of filename) %(lineno)d          Source line number where the logging call was issued                     (if available) %(funcName)s        Function name %(created)f         Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()                     return value) %(asctime)s         Textual time when the LogRecord was created %(msecs)d           Millisecond portion of the creation time %(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,                     relative to the time the logging module was loaded                     (typically at application startup time) %(thread)d          Thread ID (if available) %(threadName)s      Thread name (if available) %(process)d         Process ID (if available) %(message)s         The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as                     the record is emitted
也就是说,logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的,那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢? 我们来看一下源码,主要部分如下:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
def currentframe():     """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""     try:         raise Exception     except:         return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back def findCaller(self):     """     Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source     file name, line number and function name.     """     f = currentframe()     #On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if     #IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.     if f is not None:         f = f.f_back     rv = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"     while hasattr(f, "f_code"):         co = f.f_code         filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)         if filename == _srcfile:             f = f.f_back             continue         rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)         break     return rv def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None):     """     Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls     all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.     """     if _srcfile:         #IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an         #exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that         #IronPython can use logging.         try:             fn, lno, func = self.findCaller()         except ValueError:             fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"     else:         fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"     if exc_info:         if not isinstance(exc_info, tuple):             exc_info = sys.exc_info()     record = self.makeRecord(self.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)     self.handle(record)
我简单解释一下,实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常,然后通过向上查找的方式,找到调用的信息。其中
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
的三个值分别为文件名,行号,函数名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明) OK,如果已经看懂了源码,那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了,代码如下:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' #============================================================================= #  FileName:        xf.py #  Description:     获取当前位置的行号和函数名 #  Version:         1.0 #============================================================================= ''' import sys def get_cur_info():     """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""     try:         raise Exception     except:         f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back     return (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno) def callfunc():     print get_cur_info()   if __name__ == '__main__':     callfunc()
输入结果是:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
('callfunc', 24)
符合预期~~ 哈哈,OK!现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧~ ============================================================================= 后来发现,其实也可以有更简单的方法,如下:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
import sys def get_cur_info():     print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name     print sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name get_cur_info()
调用结果是:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
get_cur_info <module>
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