obj.onmousedown = function(ev){
   obj.onmousemove = function(ev){
 
   } ;
   obj.onmouseup = function(ev){
   
   };
   
}

 obj.onmousedown = function(ev){
  var ev = ev || event;
  var disX = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft,disY = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;
 
  document.onmousemove = function(ev){
    var ev = ev || event;
    obj.style.left = ev.clientX - disX + 'px';
    obj.style.top = ev.clientY - disY + 'px';
  };
  document.onmouseup = function(ev){
    var ev = ev || event;
    document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;
  };
}

if(ev.stopPropagation){
   ev.stopPropagation();
}else{
  ev.cancelBubble = true; //兼容IE
}
//简写成
ev.stopPropagation ? ev.stopPropagation() : ev.cancelBubble = true;

//左侧
if(obj.offsetLeft <=0){
  obj.style.left = 0;
};
//右侧
if(obj.offsetLeft >= pWidth - oWidth){
  obj.style.left = pWidth - oWidth + 'px'; 
};
//上面
if(obj.offsetTop <= 0){
  obj.style.top = 0; 
};
//下面
if(obj.offsetTop >= pHeight - oHeight){
  obj.style.top = pHeight - oHeight + 'px'; 
};

/*
      参数说明：
      元素绝对定位，父级相对定位，如果父级为window，则可以不用
      传一个参数，表示父级为window，物体相对于window范围拖动
      传2个参数，则父级为第二个参数，物体相对于父级范围拖动
      参数为id值
    */
    function drag(obj,parentNode){
      var obj = document.getElementById(obj);
      if(arguments.length == 1){
        var parentNode = window.self; 
        var pWidth = parentNode.innerWidth,pHeight = parentNode.innerHeight;  
      }else{
        var parentNode = document.getElementById(parentNode);
        var pWidth = parentNode.offsetWidth,pHeight = parentNode.offsetHeight;
      }
      obj.onmousedown = function(ev){
        var ev = ev || event;
        var disX = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft,disY = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;
        var oWidth = obj.offsetWidth,oHeight = obj.offsetHeight;
         
        //阻止冒泡时间
        ev.stopPropagation ? ev.stopPropagation() : ev.cancelBubble = true;
       
         
        document.onmousemove = function(ev){
          var ev = ev || event;
          obj.style.left = ev.clientX - disX + 'px';
          obj.style.top = ev.clientY - disY + 'px';
           
          //左侧
          if(obj.offsetLeft <=0){
            obj.style.left = 0;
          };
          //右侧
          if(obj.offsetLeft >= pWidth - oWidth){
            obj.style.left = pWidth - oWidth + 'px'; 
          };
          //上面
          if(obj.offsetTop <= 0){
            obj.style.top = 0; 
          };
          //下面
          if(obj.offsetTop >= pHeight - oHeight){
            obj.style.top = pHeight - oHeight + 'px'; 
          };
        };
        document.onmouseup = function(ev){
          var ev = ev || event;
          document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;
        };
      }
         
    }

<style>
.box{
  width:600px;
  height:400px;
  margin:50px auto;
  position:relative;
  overflow:hidden;
}
#box{
  width:1000px;
  height:800px;
  position:absolute;
  left:50%;
  top:50%;
  margin:-400px 0 0 -500px;
}
#pic{ width:800px; height:600px; background:url(images/pic1.jpg) no-repeat; position:absolute; left:100px; top:100px; }
#pic:hover{
  cursor:move;
}
</style>

<div class="box">
    <div id="box">
      <div id="pic"></div>
    </div>
  </div>

window.onload = function(){
     
    drag("pic","box");
    function drag(obj,parentNode){
      var obj = document.getElementById(obj);
      if(arguments.length == 1){
        var parentNode = window.self; 
        var pWidth = parentNode.innerWidth,pHeight = parentNode.innerHeight;  
      }else{
        var parentNode = document.getElementById(parentNode);
        var pWidth = parentNode.offsetWidth,pHeight = parentNode.offsetHeight;
      }
      obj.onmousedown = function(ev){
        var ev = ev || event;
        var disX = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft,disY = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;
        var oWidth = obj.offsetWidth,oHeight = obj.offsetHeight;
         
        //阻止冒泡时间
        ev.stopPropagation ? ev.stopPropagation() : ev.cancelBubble = true;
       
         
        document.onmousemove = function(ev){
          var ev = ev || event;
          obj.style.left = ev.clientX - disX + 'px';
          obj.style.top = ev.clientY - disY + 'px';
           
          //左侧
          if(obj.offsetLeft <=0){
            obj.style.left = 0;
          };
          //右侧
          if(obj.offsetLeft >= pWidth - oWidth){
            obj.style.left = pWidth - oWidth + 'px'; 
          };
          //上面
          if(obj.offsetTop <= 0){
            obj.style.top = 0; 
          };
          //下面
          if(obj.offsetTop >= pHeight - oHeight){
            obj.style.top = pHeight - oHeight + 'px'; 
          };
        };
        document.onmouseup = function(ev){
          var ev = ev || event;
          document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;
        };
      }
         
    }
     
     
  }