Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); 
if(subject.hasRole(“admin”)) { 
  //有权限 
} else { 
  //无权限 
}  

@RequiresRoles("admin") 
public void hello() { 
  //有权限 
}  

<shiro:hasRole name="admin"> 
<!— 有权限 —> 
</shiro:hasRole>  

[users] 
zhang=123,role1,role2 
wang=123,role1  

@Test 
public void testHasRole() { 
  login("classpath:shiro-role.ini", "zhang", "123"); 
  //判断拥有角色：role1 
  Assert.assertTrue(subject().hasRole("role1")); 
  //判断拥有角色：role1 and role2 
  Assert.assertTrue(subject().hasAllRoles(Arrays.asList("role1", "role2"))); 
  //判断拥有角色：role1 and role2 and !role3 
  boolean[] result = subject().hasRoles(Arrays.asList("role1", "role2", "role3")); 
  Assert.assertEquals(true, result[0]); 
  Assert.assertEquals(true, result[1]); 
  Assert.assertEquals(false, result[2]); 
}  

@Test(expected = UnauthorizedException.class) 
public void testCheckRole() { 
  login("classpath:shiro-role.ini", "zhang", "123"); 
  //断言拥有角色：role1 
  subject().checkRole("role1"); 
  //断言拥有角色：role1 and role3 失败抛出异常 
  subject().checkRoles("role1", "role3"); 
}  

[users] 
zhang=123,role1,role2 
wang=123,role1 
[roles] 
role1=user:create,user:update 
role2=user:create,user:delete  

@Test 
public void testIsPermitted() { 
  login("classpath:shiro-permission.ini", "zhang", "123"); 
  //判断拥有权限：user:create 
  Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermitted("user:create")); 
  //判断拥有权限：user:update and user:delete 
  Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermittedAll("user:update", "user:delete")); 
  //判断没有权限：user:view 
  Assert.assertFalse(subject().isPermitted("user:view")); 
}  

@Test(expected = UnauthorizedExceptionclass) 
public void testCheckPermission () { 
  login("classpath:shiro-permissionini", "zhang", "123"); 
  //断言拥有权限：user:create 
  subject().checkPermission("user:create"); 
  //断言拥有权限：user:delete and user:update 
  subject().checkPermissions("user:delete", "user:update"); 
  //断言拥有权限：user:view 失败抛出异常 
  subject().checkPermissions("user:view"); 
}  

subject().checkPermissions("system:user:update"); 

role41=system:user:update,system:user:delete 

subject().checkPermissions("system:user:update", "system:user:delete"); 

role42="system:user:update,delete"  

subject().checkPermissions("system:user:update,delete"); 

role51="system:user:create,update,delete,view" 

subject().checkPermissions("system:user:create,delete,update:view"); 

role52=system:user:* 

role53=system:user 

subject().checkPermissions("system:user:*"); 
subject().checkPermissions("system:user");  

role61=*:view 

subject().checkPermissions("user:view"); 

role71=user:view:1 

subject().checkPermissions("user:view:1"); 

role72="user:update,delete:1" 

subject().checkPermissions("user:delete,update:1"); 
subject().checkPermissions("user:update:1", "user:delete:1");  

role73=user:*:1 

subject().checkPermissions("user:update:1", "user:delete:1", "user:view:1"); 

role74=user:auth:* 

subject().checkPermissions("user:auth:1", "user:auth:2"); 

role75=user:*:* 

subject().checkPermissions("user:view:1", "user:auth:2"); 

subject().checkPermission("menu:view:1"); 
subject().checkPermission(new WildcardPermission("menu:view:1"));  

authorizer=org.apache.shiro.authz.ModularRealmAuthorizer 
securityManager.authorizer=$authorizer  

permissionResolver=org.apache.shiro.authz.permission.WildcardPermissionResolver 
authorizer.permissionResolver=$permissionResolver  

rolePermissionResolver=com.github.zhangkaitao.shiro.chapter3.permission.MyRolePermissionResolver 
authorizer.rolePermissionResolver=$rolePermissionResolver  

[main] 
#自定义authorizer 
authorizer=org.apache.shiro.authz.ModularRealmAuthorizer 
#自定义permissionResolver 
#permissionResolver=org.apache.shiro.authz.permission.WildcardPermissionResolver 
permissionResolver=com.github.zhangkaitao.shiro.chapter3.permission.BitAndWildPermissionResolver 
authorizer.permissionResolver=$permissionResolver 
#自定义rolePermissionResolver 
rolePermissionResolver=com.github.zhangkaitao.shiro.chapter3.permission.MyRolePermissionResolver 
1authorizer.rolePermissionResolver=$rolePermissionResolver 
 
securityManager.authorizer=$authorizer 

#自定义realm 一定要放在securityManager.authorizer赋值之后（因为调用setRealms会将realms设置给authorizer，并给各个Realm设置permissionResolver和rolePermissionResolver） 
realm=com.github.zhangkaitao.shiro.chapter3.realm.MyRealm 
securityManager.realms=$realm  

public class BitPermission implements Permission { 
  private String resourceIdentify; 
  private int permissionBit; 
  private String instanceId; 
  public BitPermission(String permissionString) { 
    String[] array = permissionString.split("\\+"); 
    if(array.length > 1) { 
      resourceIdentify = array[1]; 
    } 
    if(StringUtils.isEmpty(resourceIdentify)) { 
      resourceIdentify = "*"; 
    } 
    if(array.length > 2) { 
      permissionBit = Integer.valueOf(array[2]); 
    } 
    if(array.length > 3) { 
      instanceId = array[3]; 
    } 
    if(StringUtils.isEmpty(instanceId)) { 
      instanceId = "*"; 
    } 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public boolean implies(Permission p) { 
    if(!(p instanceof BitPermission)) { 
      return false; 
    } 
    BitPermission other = (BitPermission) p; 
    if(!("*".equals(this.resourceIdentify) || this.resourceIdentify.equals(other.resourceIdentify))) { 
      return false; 
    } 
    if(!(this.permissionBit ==0 || (this.permissionBit & other.permissionBit) != 0)) { 
      return false; 
    } 
    if(!("*".equals(this.instanceId) || this.instanceId.equals(other.instanceId))) { 
      return false; 
    } 
    return true; 
  } 
}  
Permission接口提供了boolean implies(Permission p)方法用于判断权限匹配的；
public class BitAndWildPermissionResolver implements PermissionResolver { 
  @Override 
  public Permission resolvePermission(String permissionString) { 
    if(permissionString.startsWith("+")) { 
      return new BitPermission(permissionString); 
    } 
    return new WildcardPermission(permissionString); 
  } 
}  

public class MyRolePermissionResolver implements RolePermissionResolver { 
  @Override 
  public Collection<Permission> resolvePermissionsInRole(String roleString) { 
    if("role1".equals(roleString)) { 
      return Arrays.asList((Permission)new WildcardPermission("menu:*")); 
    } 
    return null; 
  } 
}  

public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { 
  @Override 
  protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) { 
    SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(); 
    authorizationInfo.addRole("role1"); 
    authorizationInfo.addRole("role2"); 
    authorizationInfo.addObjectPermission(new BitPermission("+user1+10")); 
    authorizationInfo.addObjectPermission(new WildcardPermission("user1:*")); 
    authorizationInfo.addStringPermission("+user2+10"); 
    authorizationInfo.addStringPermission("user2:*"); 
    return authorizationInfo; 
  } 
  @Override 
  protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { 
    //和com.github.zhangkaitao.shiro.chapter2.realm.MyRealm1. getAuthenticationInfo代码一样，省略 
} 
}  

public class AuthorizerTest extends BaseTest { 
 
  @Test 
  public void testIsPermitted() { 
    login("classpath:shiro-authorizer.ini", "zhang", "123"); 
    //判断拥有权限：user:create 
    Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermitted("user1:update")); 
    Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermitted("user2:update")); 
    //通过二进制位的方式表示权限 
    Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermitted("+user1+2"));//新增权限 
    Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermitted("+user1+8"));//查看权限 
    Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermitted("+user2+10"));//新增及查看 
 
    Assert.assertFalse(subject().isPermitted("+user1+4"));//没有删除权限 
 
    Assert.assertTrue(subject().isPermitted("menu:view"));//通过MyRolePermissionResolver解析得到的权限 
  } 
}