function dataURItoBlob(base64Data) {
var byteString;
if (base64Data.split(',')[0].indexOf('base64') >= 0)
byteString = atob(base64Data.split(',')[1]);
else
byteString = unescape(base64Data.split(',')[1]);
var mimeString = base64Data.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0];
var ia = new Uint8Array(byteString.length);
for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
}
return new Blob([ia], {type:mimeString});
}

var blob = dataURItoBlob(imageBase64); // 上一步中的函数
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
var dataURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 0.5);
var fd = new FormData(document.forms[0]);
fd.append("the_file", blob, 'image.png');

$.ajax({
url: 'http://www.example.com/upload',
method: 'POST',
processData: false, // 必须
contentType: false, // 必须
dataType: 'json',
data: fd,
success(data) {
console.log(data);
}
});