//定义类的构造函数
function Person(name) {
  this.name = name || '默认姓名';
}
//定义该类所有实例的公共方法
Person.prototype.getName = function() {
  return this.name;
}
var smith = new Person('Smith');
var jacky = new Person('Jacky');
console.log( smith.getName(), jacky.getName() ); //Smith Jacky

//定义类的构造函数
function Person(name) {
  this.name = name || '默认姓名';
}
//定义该类所有实例的公共方法
Person.prototype.getName = function() {
  return this.name;
}
function Author(name, books) {
  //继承父类构造函数中定义的属性
  //通过改变父类构造函数的执行上下文来继承
  Person.call(this, name);
  this.books = books;
}
//继承父类对应的方法
Author.prototype = new Person(); //Author.prototype.constructor === Person
Author.prototype.constructor = Author; //修正修改原型链时造成的constructor丢失
Author.prototype.getBooks = function() {
  return this.books;
};
//测试
var smith = new Person('Smith');
var jacky = new Author('Jacky', ['BookA', 'BookB']);
console.log(smith.getName()); //Smith
console.log(jacky.getName()); //Jacky
console.log(jacky.getBooks().join(', ')); //BookA, BookB
console.log(smith.getBooks().join(', ')); //Uncaught TypeError: smith.getBooks is not a function

Author.prototype = (function() {
  function F() {}
  F.prototype = Person.prototype;
  return new F();
})();

/*继承方法的函数*/
function extend(son, father) {
  function F() {}
  F.prototype = father.prototype;
  son.prototype = new F();
  son.prototype.constructor = son;
}
//A类
function A() {
  console.log('A()');
}
A.prototype.hello = function() {
  console.log('Hello, world.');
}
//B类
function B() {
  A.call(this);
  console.log('B()');
}
extend(B, A);
//C类
function C() {
  B.call(this);
  console.log('C()');
}
extend(C, B);
//D类
function D() {
  C.call(this);
  console.log('D()');
}
extend(D, C);
//E类
function E() {
  D.call(this);
  console.log('E()');
}
extend(E, D);
//创建一个E的实例
var e = new E(); //A() B() C() D() E()
e.hello(); //hello, world.

//这个函数可以理解为克隆一个对象
function clone(object) {
  function F() {}
  F.prototype = object;
  return new F();
}
var Person = {
  name: 'Default Name';
  getName: function() {
    return this.name;
  }
}
//接下来让Author变为Person的克隆体
var Author = clone(Person);

//接下来让Author变为Person的克隆体
var Author = clone(Person);
Author.books = [];
Author.getBooks = function() {
  return this.books.join(', ');
}
//增加一个作者Smith
var Smith = clone(Author);
console.log(Smith.getName(), Smith.getBooks()); //Default Name
Smith.name = 'Smith';
Smith.books.push('<<Book A>>', '<<Book B>>'); //作者写了两本书
console.log(Smith.getName(), Smith.getBooks()); //Smith <<Book A>>, <<Book B>>
//再增加一个作者Jacky
var Jacky = clone(Author);
console.log(Jacky.getName(), Jacky.getBooks()); // Default Name <<Book A>>, <<Book B>>

//这个函数可以理解为克隆一个对象
function clone(object) {
  function F() {}
  F.prototype = object;
  return new F();
}
var Person = {
  name: 'Default Name',
  getName: function() {
    return this.name;
  }
}
//接下来让Author变为Person的克隆体
var Author = clone(Person);
Author.books = [];
Author.getBooks = function() {
  return this.books.join(', ');
}
//增加一个作者Smith
var Smith = clone(Author);
Smith.name = 'Smith';
Smith.books = [];
Smith.books.push('<<Book A>>', '<<Book B>>'); //作者写了两本书
console.log(Smith.getName(), Smith.getBooks()); //Smith <<Book A>>, <<Book B>>
//再增加一个作者Jacky
var Jacky = clone(Author);
Jacky.name = 'Jacky';
Jacky.books = [];
Jacky.books.push('<<Book C>>', '<<Book D>>');
console.log(Jacky.getName(), Jacky.getBooks()); // Jacky <<Book C>>, <<Book D>>