var arr = ['apple','orange','pear'],
found = false;

for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
if(arr[i] === 'orange'){
found = true;
}
}

console.log("found:",found);

var arr = ['apple','orange','pear'];

console.log("found:", arr.indexOf("orange") != -1);

var arr = [
  {"name":"apple", "count": 2},
  {"name":"orange", "count": 5},
  {"name":"pear", "count": 3},
  {"name":"orange", "count": 16},
];
  
var newArr = [];

for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
  if(arr[i].name === "orange" ){
newArr.push(arr[i]);
}
}

console.log("Filter results:",newArr);

var arr = [
  {"name":"apple", "count": 2},
  {"name":"orange", "count": 5},
  {"name":"pear", "count": 3},
  {"name":"orange", "count": 16},
];
  
var newArr = arr.filter(function(item){
  return item.name === "orange";
});


console.log("Filter results:",newArr);

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];

// Uses the usual "for" loop to iterate
for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
console.log(arr[i]);
}

console.log("========================");

//Uses forEach to iterate
arr.forEach(function(item,index){
console.log(item);
});

var oldArr = [{first_name:"Colin",last_name:"Toh"},{first_name:"Addy",last_name:"Osmani"},{first_name:"Yehuda",last_name:"Katz"}];

function getNewArr(){
  
  var newArr = [];
  
  for(var i= 0, l = oldArr.length; i< l; i++){
    var item = oldArr[i];
    item.full_name = [item.first_name,item.last_name].join(" ");
    newArr[i] = item;
  }
  
  return newArr;
}

console.log(getNewArr());

var oldArr = [{first_name:"Colin",last_name:"Toh"},{first_name:"Addy",last_name:"Osmani"},{first_name:"Yehuda",last_name:"Katz"}];

function getNewArr(){
    
  return oldArr.map(function(item,index){
    item.full_name = [item.first_name,item.last_name].join(" ");
    return item;
  });
  
}

console.log(getNewArr());

var arr = ["apple","orange","apple","orange","pear","orange"];

function getWordCnt(){
  var obj = {};
  
  for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
    var item = arr[i];
    obj[item] = (obj[item] +1 ) || 1;
  }
  
  return obj;
}

console.log(getWordCnt());

var arr = ["apple","orange","apple","orange","pear","orange"];

function getWordCnt(){
  return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){
    prev[next] = (prev[next] + 1) || 1;
    return prev;
  },{});
}

console.log(getWordCnt());

/*
* 二者的区别，在console中运行一下即可知晓
*/

var arr = ["apple","orange"];

function noPassValue(){
  return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){
    console.log("prev:",prev);
    console.log("next:",next);
    
    return prev + " " +next;
  });
}
function passValue(){
  return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){
    console.log("prev:",prev);
    console.log("next:",next);
    
    prev[next] = 1;
    return prev;
  },{});
}

console.log("No Additional parameter:",noPassValue());
console.log("----------------");
console.log("With {} as an additional parameter:",passValue());