//声明超类，通过构造函数和原型添加有关属性和方法
function Super(){
  this.property = true;
}
Super.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {
  return this.property;
};

//声明子类的构造函数
function SubType() {
  this.subproperty = false;
}
//将子类的原型指向超类的实例，得到超类的一切
SubType.prototype = new Super();
SubType.prototype.constructor = SubType;
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function(){
  return this.subproperty;
};
//由子类创建对象，测试是否继承超类方法和属性
var instance = new SubType();
console.log(instance.getSuperValue());

instance instanceof Object;
Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance);

......
SubType.prototype = new Super();
SubType.prototype = {
  ....
};

function hasPrototypeProperty(object, name) {
  return name in object && !object.hasOwnProperty(name);
}

function Person(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

Person.prototype = {
  constructor: Person,
  sayName: function () {
    console.log(this.name);
  },
  toString: function() {

  }
};

var person1 = new Person('Nicholas');
var person2 = new Person('Greg);

console.log(person1 instanceof Person); // true
console.log(person1.constructor === Person); // true
console.log(person1.constructor === Object); // false

console.log(person2 instanceof Person); // true
console.log(person2.constructor === Person); // true
console.log(person2.constructor === Object); // false

var person1 = {
  name: 'Nicholas',
  sayName: function () {
    console.log(this.name);
  }
};

var person2 = Object.create(person1, {
  name: {
    configurable: true,
    enumerable: true,
    value: 'Greg',
    writable: true
  }
});

person1.sayName(); // Nicholas
person2.sayName(); // Greg

console.log(person1.hasOwnProperty('sayName')); // true
console.log(person1.isPropertyOf(person2)); // true
console.log(person2.hasOwnProperty('sayName')); // false

var person = (function () {
  var age = 25;

  function getAge() {
    return age;
  }

  function growOlder() {
    age++;
  }

  return {
    name: 'Nicholas',
    getAge: getAge,
    growOlder: growOlder
  };
}());

function Person(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

Person.prototype.sayName = function() {
  console.log(this.name);
};

var person1 = Person('Nicholas');

console.log(person1 instanceof Person); // false
console.log(typeof person1); // undefined
console.log(name); // Nicholas