<?php
function xrange($start, $limit, $step = 1) {
 for ($i = $start; $i <= $limit; $i += $step) {
  yield $i;
 }
}

echo 'Single digit odd numbers: ';

/* 注意保存在内存中的数组绝不会被创建或返回 */
foreach (xrange(1, 9, 2) as $number) {
 echo "$number ";
}

<?php
$array = [
 [1, 2],
 [3, 4],
];

foreach ($array as list($a, $b)) {
 echo "A: $a; B: $b\n";
}
?>

<?php
const ONE = 1;
const TWO = ONE * 2;

class C {
 const THREE = TWO + 1;
 const ONE_THIRD = ONE / self::THREE;
 const SENTENCE = 'The value of THREE is '.self::THREE;

 public function f($a = ONE + self::THREE) {
  return $a;
 }
}

echo (new C)->f()."\n";
echo C::SENTENCE;
?>

<?php
const ARR = ['a', 'b'];

echo ARR[0];
?>

<?php
function f($req, $opt = null, ...$params) {
 // $params 是一个包含了剩余参数的数组
 printf('$req: %d; $opt: %d; number of params: %d'."\n",
   $req, $opt, count($params));
}

f(1);
f(1, 2);
f(1, 2, 3);
f(1, 2, 3, 4);
f(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
?>

<?php
function add($a, $b, $c) {
 return $a + $b + $c;
}

$operators = [2, 3];
echo add(1, ...$operators);
?>

<?php
namespace Name\Space {
 const FOO = 42;
 function f() { echo __FUNCTION__."\n"; }
}

namespace {
 use const Name\Space\FOO;
 use function Name\Space\f;

 echo FOO."\n";
 f();
}
?>

<?php
class C {
 private $prop;

 public function __construct($val) {
  $this->prop = $val;
 }

 public function __debugInfo() {
  return [
   'propSquared' => $this->prop ** 2,
  ];
 }
}

var_dump(new C(42));
?>

object(C)#1 (1) {
 ["propSquared"]=>
 int(1764)
}

<?php
// Coercive mode
function sumOfInts(int ...$ints)
{
 return array_sum($ints);
}

var_dump(sumOfInts(2, '3', 4.1));

<?php

function arraysSum(array ...$arrays): array
{
 return array_map(function(array $array): int {
  return array_sum($array);
 }, $arrays);
}

print_r(arraysSum([1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]));

<?php
// Fetches the value of $_GET['user'] and returns 'nobody'
// if it does not exist.
$username = $_GET['user'] ?? 'nobody';
// This is equivalent to:
$username = isset($_GET['user']) ? $_GET['user'] : 'nobody';

// Coalesces can be chained: this will return the first
// defined value out of $_GET['user'], $_POST['user'], and
// 'nobody'.
$username = $_GET['user'] ?? $_POST['user'] ?? 'nobody';
?>

<?php
// Integers
echo 1 <=> 1; // 0
echo 1 <=> 2; // -1
echo 2 <=> 1; // 1

// Floats
echo 1.5 <=> 1.5; // 0
echo 1.5 <=> 2.5; // -1
echo 2.5 <=> 1.5; // 1
 
// Strings
echo "a" <=> "a"; // 0
echo "a" <=> "b"; // -1
echo "b" <=> "a"; // 1
?>

<?php
define('ANIMALS', [
 'dog',
 'cat',
 'bird'
]);

echo ANIMALS[1]; // outputs "cat"
?>

<?php
interface Logger {
 public function log(string $msg);
}

class Application {
 private $logger;

 public function getLogger(): Logger {
   return $this->logger;
 }

 public function setLogger(Logger $logger) {
   $this->logger = $logger;
 }
}

$app = new Application;
$app->setLogger(new class implements Logger {
 public function log(string $msg) {
  echo $msg;
 }
});

var_dump($app->getLogger());
?>

<?php
class A {private $x = 1;}

// Pre PHP 7 code
$getXCB = function() {return $this->x;};
$getX = $getXCB->bindTo(new A, 'A'); // intermediate closure
echo $getX();

// PHP 7+ code
$getX = function() {return $this->x;};
echo $getX->call(new A);

<?php
// converts all objects into __PHP_Incomplete_Class object
$data = unserialize($foo, ["allowed_classes" => false]);

// converts all objects into __PHP_Incomplete_Class object except those of MyClass and MyClass2
$data = unserialize($foo, ["allowed_classes" => ["MyClass", "MyClass2"]);

// default behaviour (same as omitting the second argument) that accepts all classes
$data = unserialize($foo, ["allowed_classes" => true]);

<?php

// Pre PHP 7 code
use some\namespace\ClassA;
use some\namespace\ClassB;
use some\namespace\ClassC as C;

use function some\namespace\fn_a;
use function some\namespace\fn_b;
use function some\namespace\fn_c;

use const some\namespace\ConstA;
use const some\namespace\ConstB;
use const some\namespace\ConstC;

// PHP 7+ code
use some\namespace\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C};
use function some\namespace\{fn_a, fn_b, fn_c};
use const some\namespace\{ConstA, ConstB, ConstC};
?>