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nunit使用指南之—NUnit Quick Start

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摘要：nunit使用指南之—NUnit Quick Start

NUnit 是为 .NET 框架生成的开放源代码单元测试框架。NUnit 使您可以用您喜欢的语言编写测试，从而测试应用程序的特定功能。当您首次编写代码时，单元测试是一种测试代码功能的很好方法，它还提供了一种对应用程序进行回归测试的方法。NUnit 应用程序提供了一个用于编写单元测试的框架，以及一个运行这些测试和查看结果的图形界面。下载地址：[url=http://sourceforge.net/projects/nunitaddin]http://sourceforge.net/projects/nunitaddin[/url] 本事例所用版本：[url=http://www.cnblogs.com/Files/young18/nunit2.3.rar]http://www.cnblogs.com/Files/young18/nunit2.3.rar[/url] [b][u]NUnit Quick Start[/u][/b] 原文档：http://www.nunit.org 翻译：Young.J 说明：该实例是最早期的nunit版本中找到，在测试驱动的开发中它并不是一个很好的例子，但它能阐明使用nunit的最基本方法。现在开始我们的例子。假设我们开始写一个银行业的应用程序，我们有一个基类—Account，Account主要负责资金的增加，撤销和转帐，下面是该类的代码

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] namespace bank 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] public class Account 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] private float balance; 6[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] public void Deposit(float amount) 7[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 8[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] balance+=amount; 9[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 10[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] 11[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] public void Withdraw(float amount) 12[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 13[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] balance-=amount; 14[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 15[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] 16[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] public void TransferFunds(Account destination, float amount) 17[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { } 18[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] 19[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] public float Balance 20[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 21[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] get{ return balance;} 22[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 23[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 24[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

在我们来写一个需要测试的类—AccountTest，我们第一个测试的方法是TransferFunds

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] namespace bank 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] using NUnit.Framework; 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] [TestFixture] 6[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] public class AccountTest 7[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 8[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] [Test] 9[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] public void TransferFunds() 10[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 11[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Account source = new Account(); 12[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] source.Deposit(200.00F); 13[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Account destination = new Account(); 14[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] destination.Deposit(150.00F); 15[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] source.TransferFunds(destination, 100.00F); 16[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Assert.AreEqual(250.00F, destination.Balance); 17[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Assert.AreEqual(100.00F, source.Balance); 18[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 19[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 20[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

现在做的第一件事是声明这个类有一个[TestFixture]属性，通过这种方法显示这个类包含测试代码（此属性可以被继承），这个类必须是public类且其派生内没有限制，这个类当然必须有一个默认构造函数。这个类仅有的一个方法—TransferFunds，有一个[Test]属性，显示他是一个测试方法，该方法返回void，没有参数，在这个方法里我们对测试对象作了必须的初始化，Assert类定义了一些方法的集合体，用它来检测设置条件，在我们的例子中，我们用AreEqual方法确保后面两个账户的转帐都有一个正确的剩余资金（这些是一些重载方法，这个例子中用的版本包含下面几个参数，第一个参数是期望值，第二个参试是真实值），编译运行这个例子，假设你编译你的代码为bank.dll，运行NUnit Gui，选择File->Open menu item，载入刚才编译过的dll文件，点击run，我们可以看到测试条变成红色—我们的测试失败了，在“Errors and Failures”面板显示一面信息： TransferFunds : expected <250> but was <150> 这个现象是我们所期望的,测试失败的原因是我们没有实现TransferFunds方法,现在我们开始让它工作,修改你的TransferFunds方法如下:

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] public void TransferFunds(Account destination, float amount) 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] destination.Deposit(amount); 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Withdraw(amount); 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

现在我们再次编译代码,并在GUI中运行,我们何以看到测试条变绿!测试成功! 我们增加一些错误检测在我们的Account代码中,为balance设置一个最小值.依次来保护资金透支量

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] private float minimumBalance = 10.00F; 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] public float MinimumBalance 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] get{ return minimumBalance;} 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

增加一个表明透支的异常;

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] public class InsufficientFundsException : ApplicationException 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

增加一个测试方法到AccountTest类中

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] [Test] 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] [ExpectedException(typeof(InsufficientFundsException))] 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] public void TransferWithInsufficientFunds() 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Account source = new Account(); 6[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] source.Deposit(200.00F); 7[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Account destination = new Account(); 8[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] destination.Deposit(150.00F); 9[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] source.TransferFunds(destination, 300.00F); 10[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

这个测试方法的[Test]属性有一个 [ExpectedException]属性,这表明这段测试代码期望得到某一类型的异常,如果这种异常没有出现在执行过程中,这车是失败,现在编译代码,启动NUnit Gui,这是测试条变红,提示错误信息: TransferWithInsufficentFunds : InsufficientFundsException was expected 让我们重新配置Account的代码,让它抛出异常,按下面的实例修改TransferFunds方法.

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] public void TransferFunds(Account destination, float amount) 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] destination.Deposit(amount); 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] if(balance-amount < minimumBalance) 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] throw new InsufficientFundsException(); 6[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Withdraw(amount); 7[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

编译,运行测试-测试条变绿,成功了,但是,我们看看这个代码,我们仅仅写了我们可以看到的转帐操作中的错误,现在让我们来写一个测试来证实我们不确定的错误,添加下面一个测试方法

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] [Test] 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] public void TransferWithInsufficientFundsAtomicity() 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Account source = new Account(); 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] source.Deposit(200.00F); 6[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Account destination = new Account(); 7[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] destination.Deposit(150.00F); 8[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] try 9[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 10[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] source.TransferFunds(destination, 300.00F); 11[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 12[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] catch(InsufficientFundsException expected) 13[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif[/img] { 14[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif[/img] } 15[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Assert.AreEqual(200.00F,source.Balance); 16[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] Assert.AreEqual(150.00F,destination.Balance); 17[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

编译运行—红色测试条，我们算错了300元，代码显示正确的结果是150元，但账户显示确是450，那么怎样修补错误，能不能加一段最小基金检测在资金处理之前呢？我们可以在catch块中加以一些修补方法，或依靠我们的管理人员修复对象的规定，我们需要在多方面回答这些问题，但不是在现在，那在此期间我们可以怎么做呢？移出它？一个最好的方法是忽视它，添加以下属性在你的测试方法中

1[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] [Test] 2[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] [Ignore("Decide how to implement transaction management")] 3[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif[/img] public void TransferWithInsufficientFundsAtomicity() 4[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif[/img] [img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif[/img] { 5[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif[/img] // code is the same 6[img]http://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif[/img] }

编译测试代码—黄色，点击"Tests Not Run",我们可以看到bank.AccountTest.TransferWithInsufficientFundsAtomicity() 在被忽视的测试列表里。上面是一些常用简单方法，依次来讲解nunit的使用过程，在以后的单元，我们会深入讲解nunit的使用！

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