function foo () {
  var a = 1;
  return function () {
   a++;
   console.log(a);
  }
}
var aaa = foo();
aaa(); //2
aaa(); //3

var a = 10;
function foo () {
console.log(a);
}
function aaa(fn) {
 var a = 100;
 fn();
}
aaa(foo);

<ul>
  <li>001</li>
  <li>002</li>
  <li>003</li>
</ul>

var aLi = document.getElementsByTagName('li');
for (var i = 0; i<aLi.length; i++) {
  aLi[i].onclick = function() {
   alert(i);
  }
}

aLi[i].onclick = (function(i){
    return function(){
      alert(i);
    }
  })(i);

for (var i = 0; i<aLi.length; i++) {
  (function(i){
    aLi[i].onclick = function(){
      alert(i);
    }
  })(i);
}

function repeat (func, times, wait) {
} //这个函数能返回一个新函数，比如这样用

var repeatedFun = repeat(alert, 10, 5000)
//调用这个 repeatedFun ("hellworld")

//会alert十次 helloworld, 每次间隔5秒

function repeat (func, times, wait) {
  return function(str) {
    while (times >0) {
      setTimeout(function(){
        func(str);
      },wait);
      times--;
    }
  }
}

var repeatedFun = repeat(alert, 10, 100);
repeatedFun ("hellworld");