$ time python yourprogram.py
real 0m1.028s
user 0m0.001s
sys 0m0.003s

import time
 
class Timer(object):
 def __init__(self, verbose=False):
 self.verbose = verbose
 
 def __enter__(self):
 self.start = time.time()
 return self
 
 def __exit__(self, *args):
 self.end = time.time()
 self.secs = self.end - self.start
 self.msecs = self.secs * 1000 # millisecs
 if self.verbose:
  print 'elapsed time: %f ms' % self.msecs

from timer import Timer
from redis import Redis
rdb = Redis()
 
with Timer() as t:
 rdb.lpush("foo", "bar")
print "=> elasped lpush: %s s" % t.secs
 
with Timer() as t:
 rdb.lpop("foo")
print "=> elasped lpop: %s s" % t.secs

pip install line_profiler

@profile
def primes(n):
 if n==2:
 return [2]
 elif n<2:
 return []
 s=range(3,n+1,2)
 mroot = n ** 0.5
 half=(n+1)/2-1
 i=0
 m=3
 while m <= mroot:
 if s[i]:
  j=(m*m-3)/2
  s[j]=0
  while j<half:
  s[j]=0
  j+=m
 i=i+1
 m=2*i+3
 return [2]+[x for x in s if x]
primes(100)

kernprof.py -l -v fib.py

Wrote profile results to primes.py.lprof
Timer unit: 1e-06 s
 
File: primes.py
Function: primes at line 2
Total time: 0.00019 s
 
Line # Hits  Time Per Hit % Time Line Contents
==============================================================
 2      @profile
 3      def primes(n):
 4  1  2 2.0 1.1 if n==2:
 5       return [2]
 6  1  1 1.0 0.5 elif n<2:
 7       return []
 8  1  4 4.0 2.1 s=range(3,n+1,2)
 9  1  10 10.0 5.3 mroot = n ** 0.5
 10  1  2 2.0 1.1 half=(n+1)/2-1
 11  1  1 1.0 0.5 i=0
 12  1  1 1.0 0.5 m=3
 13  5  7 1.4 3.7 while m <= mroot:
 14  4  4 1.0 2.1  if s[i]:
 15  3  4 1.3 2.1  j=(m*m-3)/2
 16  3  4 1.3 2.1  s[j]=0
 17 31  31 1.0 16.3  while j<half:
 18 28  28 1.0 14.7   s[j]=0
 19 28  29 1.0 15.3   j+=m
 20  4  4 1.0 2.1  i=i+1
 21  4  4 1.0 2.1  m=2*i+3
 22 50  54 1.1 28.4 return [2]+[x for x

$ pip install -U memory_profiler
$ pip install psutil

@profile
def primes(n):
 ...
 ...

$ python -m memory_profiler primes.py

Line # Mem usage Increment Line Contents
==============================================
 2    @profile
 3 7.9219 MB 0.0000 MB def primes(n):
 4 7.9219 MB 0.0000 MB if n==2:
 5     return [2]
 6 7.9219 MB 0.0000 MB elif n<2:
 7     return []
 8 7.9219 MB 0.0000 MB s=range(3,n+1,2)
 9 7.9258 MB 0.0039 MB mroot = n ** 0.5
 10 7.9258 MB 0.0000 MB half=(n+1)/2-1
 11 7.9258 MB 0.0000 MB i=0
 12 7.9258 MB 0.0000 MB m=3
 13 7.9297 MB 0.0039 MB while m <= mroot:
 14 7.9297 MB 0.0000 MB  if s[i]:
 15 7.9297 MB 0.0000 MB  j=(m*m-3)/2
 16 7.9258 MB -0.0039 MB  s[j]=0
 17 7.9297 MB 0.0039 MB  while j<half:
 18 7.9297 MB 0.0000 MB   s[j]=0
 19 7.9297 MB 0.0000 MB   j+=m
 20 7.9297 MB 0.0000 MB  i=i+1
 21 7.9297 MB 0.0000 MB  m=2*i+3
 22 7.9297 MB 0.0000 MB return [2]+[x for x in s if x]

%load_ext memory_profiler
%load_ext line_profiler

In [1]: from primes import primes
In [2]: %mprun -f primes primes(1000)
In [3]: %lprun -f primes primes(1000)

pip install objgraph

import pdb; pdb.set_trace()

(pdb) import objgraph
(pdb) objgraph.show_most_common_types()
 
MyBigFatObject  20000
tuple   16938
function   4310
dict   2790
wrapper_descriptor  1181
builtin_function_or_method 934
weakref   764
list   634
method_descriptor  507
getset_descriptor  451
type   439

(pdb) import objgraph
(pdb) objgraph.show_growth()
.
.
.
(pdb) objgraph.show_growth() # this only shows objects that has been added or deleted since last show_growth() call
 
traceback  4 +2
KeyboardInterrupt 1 +1
frame   24 +1
list   667 +1
tuple  16969 +1

x = [1]
y = [x, [x], {"a":x}]
import pdb; pdb.set_trace()

(pdb) import objgraph
(pdb) objgraph.show_backref([x], filename="/tmp/backrefs.png")