>>> import hashlib
 
# Calculating the hash value of a string.
>>> hashlib.md5('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').hexdigest()
'9e107d9d372bb6826bd81d3542a419d6'
 
# Loading an image file into memory and calculating it's hash value.
>>> image_file = open('data/cat_grumpy_orig.png').read()
>>> hashlib.md5(image_file).hexdigest()
'3e1f6e9f2689d59b9ed28bcdab73455f'

# Original text.
>>> hashlib.md5('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').hexdigest()
'9e107d9d372bb6826bd81d3542a419d6'
 
# Slight modification of the text.
>>> hashlib.md5('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.').hexdigest()
'e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0'

# Load the original image into memory and calculate it's hash value.
>>> image_file = open('data/cat_grumpy_orig.png').read()
>>> hashlib.md5(image_file).hexdigest()
'3e1f6e9f2689d59b9ed28bcdab73455f'
 
# Load the modified image into memory and calculate it's hash value.
>>> image_file_modified = open('data/cat_grumpy_modif.png').read()
>>> hashlib.md5(image_file_modified).hexdigest()
'12d1b9409c3e8e0361c24beaee9c0ab1'

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> test_image = Image.open('data/test_image.jpg')
 
# The image is an RGB image with a size of 8x8 pixels.
>>> print 'Image Mode: %s' % test_image.mode
Image Mode: RGB
>>> print 'Width: %s px, Height: %s px' % (test_image.size[0], test_image.size[1])
Width: 4 px, Height: 4 px
 
# Get the pixel values from the image and print them into rows based on
# the image's width.
>>> width, height = test_image.size
>>> pixels = list(test_image.getdata())
>>> for col in xrange(width):
...  print pixels[col:col+width]
...
[(255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 255), (255, 255, 255)]
[(0, 0, 0), (212, 45, 45), (51, 92, 154), (130, 183, 47)]
[(206, 210, 198), (131, 78, 8), (131, 156, 180), (117, 155, 201)]
[(104, 133, 170), (215, 130, 20), (153, 155, 155), (104, 142, 191)]

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> img = Image.open('data/cat_grumpy_orig_after_step_2.png')
>>> width, height = img.size
>>> pixels = list(img.getdata())
>>> for col in xrange(width):
...  print pixels[col:col+width]
...
[254, 254, 255, 253, 248, 254, 255, 254, 255]
[254, 255, 253, 248, 254, 255, 254, 255, 255]
[253, 248, 254, 255, 254, 255, 255, 255, 222]
[248, 254, 255, 254, 255, 255, 255, 222, 184]
[254, 255, 254, 255, 255, 255, 222, 184, 177]
[255, 254, 255, 255, 255, 222, 184, 177, 184]
[254, 255, 255, 255, 222, 184, 177, 184, 225]
[255, 255, 255, 222, 184, 177, 184, 225, 255]

>>> difference = []
>>> for row in xrange(height):
...  for col in xrange(width):
...   if col != width:
...    difference.append(pixels[col+row] > pixels[(col+row)+1])
...
>>> for col in xrange(width-1):
...  print difference[col:col+(width-1)]
...
[False, False, True, True, False, False, True, False]
[False, True, True, False, False, True, False, False]
[True, True, False, False, True, False, False, False]
[True, False, False, True, False, False, False, True]
[False, False, True, False, False, False, True, True]
[False, True, False, False, False, True, True, False]
[True, False, False, False, True, True, False, False]
[False, False, False, True, True, False, False, True]

def dhash(image, hash_size = 8):
  # Grayscale and shrink the image in one step.
  image = image.convert('L').resize(
    (hash_size + 1, hash_size),
    Image.ANTIALIAS,
  )
 
  pixels = list(image.getdata())
 
  # Compare adjacent pixels.
  difference = []
  for row in xrange(hash_size):
    for col in xrange(hash_size):
      pixel_left = image.getpixel((col, row))
      pixel_right = image.getpixel((col + 1, row))
      difference.append(pixel_left > pixel_right)
 
  # Convert the binary array to a hexadecimal string.
  decimal_value = 0
  hex_string = []
  for index, value in enumerate(difference):
    if value:
      decimal_value += 2**(index % 8)
    if (index % 8) == 7:
      hex_string.append(hex(decimal_value)[2:].rjust(2, '0'))
      decimal_value = 0
 
  return ''.join(hex_string)

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> from utility import dhash, hamming_distance
>>> orig = Image.open('data/cat_grumpy_orig.png')
>>> modif = Image.open('data/cat_grumpy_modif.png')
>>> dhash(orig)
'4c8e3366c275650f'
>>> dhash(modif)
'4c8e3366c275650f'
>>> dhash(orig) == dhash(modif)
True

如果有一

SELECT pk, hash, file_path FROM image_hashes
  WHERE hash = '4c8e3366c275650f';

SELECT pk, hash, BIT_COUNT(
  CONV(hash, 16, 10) ^ CONV('4c8e3366c275650f', 16, 10)
) as hamming_distance
  FROM image_hashes
  HAVING hamming_distance < 4
  ORDER BY hamming_distance ASC;