list1=['hello','world']
print list1
list2=[1,2,3]
print list2

['hello', 'world']
[1, 2, 3]

list3=list("hello")
print list3

['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']

t1=1,2,3
t2="jeffreyzhao","cnblogs"
t3=(1,2,3,4)
t4=()
t5=(1,)
print t1,t2,t3,t4,t5

(1, 2, 3) ('jeffreyzhao', 'cnblogs') (1, 2, 3, 4) () (1,)

t1=tuple([1,2,3])
t2=tuple("jeff")
t3=tuple((1,2,3))
print t1
print t2
print t3
t4=tuple(123)
print t45

(1, 2, 3)
('j', 'e', 'f', 'f')
(1, 2, 3)

str1='Hello world'
print str1
print str1[0]
for c in str1:
  print c

Hello world
H
H
e
l
l
o
 
w
o
r
l
d

str1='Hello,%s' % 'world.'
print str1

strs=('Hello','world') #元组
str1='%s,%s' % strs
print str1
d={'h':'Hello','w':'World'} #字典
str1='%(h)s,%(w)s' % d
print str1

Hello,world
Hello,World

str1='%s,%s' % 'Hello','world'
print str1

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "F:\Python\test.py", line 2, in <module>
  str1='%s,%s' % 'Hello','world'
TypeError: not enough arguments for format string

str1='%s%%' % 100
print str1

100%

from math import pi
str1='%.2f' % pi #精度2
print str1
str1='f' % pi #字段宽10
print str1
str1='.2f' % pi #字段宽10，精度2
print str1

3.14
 3.141593
   3.14

from string import Template
str1=Template('$x,$y!')
str1=str1.substitute(x='Hello',y='world')
print str1

Hello,world!

from string import Template
str1=Template('Hello,w${x}d!')
str1=str1.substitute(x='orl')
print str1

Hello,world!

from string import Template
str1=Template('$x$$')
str1=str1.substitute(x='100')
print str1

100$

from string import Template
d={'h':'Hello','w':'world'}
str1=Template('$h,$w!')
str1=str1.substitute(d)
print str1

Hello,world!

str1='Hello'
nums=[1,2,3,4]
t1=(123,234,345)
print str1[0]
print nums[1]
print t1[2]

H
2
345

str1='Hello'
nums=[1,2,3,4]
t1=(123,234,345)
print str1[-1]
print nums[-2]
print t1[-3]

o
3
123

nums=range(10)
print nums
print nums[1:5]
print nums[6:10]
print nums[1:]
print nums[-3:-1]
print nums[-3:] #包括序列结尾的元素，置空最后一个索引
print nums[:] #复制整个序列

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[7, 8]
[7, 8, 9]

nums=range(10)
print nums
print nums[0:10] #默认步长为1 等价于nums[1:5：1]
print nums[0:10:2] #步长为2
print nums[0:10:3] #步长为3
 
##print nums[0:10:0] #步长为0
print nums[0:10:-2] #步长为-2

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
[0, 3, 6, 9]
[]

str1='Hello'
str2=' world'
print str1+str2
num1=[1,2,3]
num2=[2,3,4]
print num1+num2
print str1+num1

Hello world
[1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4]

print [None]*10
str1='Hello'
print str1*2
num1=[1,2]
print num1*2
print str1*num1

[None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]

HelloHello
[1, 2, 1, 2]

str1='Hello'
print 'h' in str1 
print 'H' in str1
num1=[1,2]
print 1 in num1

False
True
True

str1='Hello'
print len(str1) 
print max(str1)
print min(str1)
num1=[1,2,1,4,123]
print len(num1) 
print max(num1)
print min(num1)

5
o
H
5
123
1

list1=["hello,world"]
set1=set([123])
d={}
d[1]=1
print d
d[list1]="Hello world."
d[set1]=123
print d

{1: 1}

strs=set(['jeff','wong','cnblogs'])
nums=set(range(10))

set1=set([0,1,2,3,0,1,2,3,4,5])
print set1
 
set2=set([0,1,2,3,4,5])
print set2

set([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
set([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

strs=set(['jeff','wong','cnblogs'])
print strs

set(['wong', 'cnblogs', 'jeff'])

set1=set([1,2,3])
set2=set([2,3,4])
set3=set1.union(set2)
print set1
print set2
print set3

set([1, 2, 3])
set([2, 3, 4])
set([1, 2, 3, 4])

set1=set([1,2,3])
set2=set([2,3,4])
set3=set1|set2
print set1
print set2
print set3

set1=set([1,2,3])
set2=set([2,3,4])
set3=set1&set2
print set1
print set2
print set3
print set3.issubset(set1)
set4=set1.copy()
print set4
print set4 is set1

set([1, 2, 3])
set([2, 3, 4])
set([2, 3])
True
set([1, 2, 3])
False

set1=set([1])
print set1
set1.add(2)
print set1
set1.remove(2)
print set1
print set1
print 29 in set1
set1.remove(29) #移除不存在的项

set([1])
set([1, 2])
set([1])
set([1])
False

set1=set([1])
set2=set([2])
set1.add(set2)

set1=set([1])
set2=set([2])
set1.add(frozenset(set2))
print set1

set([1, frozenset([2])])