public static void IncrementByRef(ref int x)
{
 x++;
}
public unsafe static void IncrementByPointer(int* x)
{
 (*x)++;
}

int i = 30;
IncrementByRef(ref i);
// i = 31
unsafe{
 IncrementByPointer(&i);
}
// i = 32

int i = 42;
ref var x = ref i;
x = x + 1;
// i = 43

public static ref int GetArrayRef(int[] items, int index) => ref items[index];

 <ItemGroup>
 <PackageReference Include="System.Memory" Version="4.4.0-preview1-25305-02" />
 <PackageReference Include="System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe" Version="4.4.0-preview1-25305-02" />
 </ItemGroup>

public struct Span<T> {
 ref T _reference;
 int _length;
 public ref T this[int index] { get {...} }
 ...
}
public struct ReadOnlySpan<T> {
 ref T _reference;
 int _length;
 public T this[int index] { get {...} }
 ...
}

string content = "content-length:123";
Stopwatch watch1 = new Stopwatch();
watch1.Start();
for (int j = 0; j < 100000; j++)
{
 int.Parse(content.Substring(15));
}
watch1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\tTime Elapsed:\t" + watch1.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString("N0") + "ms");

string content = "content-length:123";
ReadOnlySpan<char> span = content.ToCharArray(); 
span.Slice(15).ParseToInt();
watch.Start();
for (int j = 0; j < 100000; j++)
{
 int icb = span.Slice(15).ParseToInt();
}
watch.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\tTime Elapsed:\t" + watch.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString("N0") + "ms");

public static class ReadonlySpanxtension
{
 public static int ParseToInt(this ReadOnlySpan<char> rspan)
 {
  Int16 sign = 1;
  int num = 0;
  UInt16 index = 0;
  if (rspan[0].Equals('-')){
   sign = -1; index = 1;
  }
  for (int idx = index; idx < rspan.Length; idx++){
   char c = rspan[idx];
   num = (c - '0') + num * 10;
  }
  return num * sign;
 }
}

String Substring Convert:
  Time Elapsed: 18ms
ReadOnlySpan Convert:
  Time Elapsed: 4ms