public MappedByteBuffer map(MapMode mode, long position, long size)
    throws IOException
  {
    ensureOpen();
    if (position < 0L)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative position");
    if (size < 0L)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative size");
    if (position + size < 0)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Position + size overflow");
    //最大2G
    if (size > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size exceeds Integer.MAX_VALUE");
    int imode = -1;
    if (mode == MapMode.READ_ONLY)
      imode = MAP_RO;
    else if (mode == MapMode.READ_WRITE)
      imode = MAP_RW;
    else if (mode == MapMode.PRIVATE)
      imode = MAP_PV;
    assert (imode >= 0);
    if ((mode != MapMode.READ_ONLY) && !writable)
      throw new NonWritableChannelException();
    if (!readable)
      throw new NonReadableChannelException();

    long addr = -1;
    int ti = -1;
    try {
      begin();
      ti = threads.add();
      if (!isOpen())
        return null;
      //size()返回实际的文件大小
      //如果实际文件大小不符合，则增大文件的大小，文件的大小被改变，文件增大的部分默认设置为0。
      if (size() < position + size) { // Extend file size
        if (!writable) {
          throw new IOException("Channel not open for writing " +
            "- cannot extend file to required size");
        }
        int rv;
        do {
          //增大文件的大小
          rv = nd.truncate(fd, position + size);
        } while ((rv == IOStatus.INTERRUPTED) && isOpen());
      }
      //如果要求映射的文件大小为0，则不调用操作系统的mmap调用，只是生成一个空间容量为0的DirectByteBuffer
      //并返回
      if (size == 0) {
        addr = 0;
        // a valid file descriptor is not required
        FileDescriptor dummy = new FileDescriptor();
        if ((!writable) || (imode == MAP_RO))
          return Util.newMappedByteBufferR(0, 0, dummy, null);
        else
          return Util.newMappedByteBuffer(0, 0, dummy, null);
      }
      //allocationGranularity的大小在我的系统上是4K
      //页对齐，pagePosition为第多少页
      int pagePosition = (int)(position % allocationGranularity);
      //从页的最开始映射
      long mapPosition = position - pagePosition;
      //因为从页的最开始映射，增大映射空间
      long mapSize = size + pagePosition;
      try {
        // If no exception was thrown from map0, the address is valid
        //native方法，源代码在openjdk/jdk/src/solaris/native/sun/nio/ch/FileChannelImpl.c,
        //参见下面的说明
        addr = map0(imode, mapPosition, mapSize);
      } catch (OutOfMemoryError x) {
        // An OutOfMemoryError may indicate that we've exhausted memory
        // so force gc and re-attempt map
        System.gc();
        try {
          Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException y) {
          Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        }
        try {
          addr = map0(imode, mapPosition, mapSize);
        } catch (OutOfMemoryError y) {
          // After a second OOME, fail
          throw new IOException("Map failed", y);
        }
      }

      // On Windows, and potentially other platforms, we need an open
      // file descriptor for some mapping operations.
      FileDescriptor mfd;
      try {
        mfd = nd.duplicateForMapping(fd);
      } catch (IOException ioe) {
        unmap0(addr, mapSize);
        throw ioe;
      }

      assert (IOStatus.checkAll(addr));
      assert (addr % allocationGranularity == 0);
      int isize = (int)size;
      Unmapper um = new Unmapper(addr, mapSize, isize, mfd);
      if ((!writable) || (imode == MAP_RO)) {
        return Util.newMappedByteBufferR(isize,
                         addr + pagePosition,
                         mfd,
                         um);
      } else {
        return Util.newMappedByteBuffer(isize,
                        addr + pagePosition,
                        mfd,
                        um);
      }
    } finally {
      threads.remove(ti);
      end(IOStatus.checkAll(addr));
    }
  }

JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL
Java_sun_nio_ch_FileChannelImpl_map0(JNIEnv *env, jobject this,
                   jint prot, jlong off, jlong len)
{
  void *mapAddress = 0;
  jobject fdo = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, this, chan_fd);
  //linux系统调用是通过整型的文件id引用文件的，这里得到文件id
  jint fd = fdval(env, fdo);
  int protections = 0;
  int flags = 0;

  if (prot == sun_nio_ch_FileChannelImpl_MAP_RO) {
    protections = PROT_READ;
    flags = MAP_SHARED;
  } else if (prot == sun_nio_ch_FileChannelImpl_MAP_RW) {
    protections = PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ;
    flags = MAP_SHARED;
  } else if (prot == sun_nio_ch_FileChannelImpl_MAP_PV) {
    protections = PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ;
    flags = MAP_PRIVATE;
  }
  //这里就是操作系统调用了，mmap64是宏定义，实际最后调用的是mmap
  mapAddress = mmap64(
    0,          /* Let OS decide location */
    len,         /* Number of bytes to map */
    protections,     /* File permissions */
    flags,        /* Changes are shared */
    fd,          /* File descriptor of mapped file */
    off);         /* Offset into file */

  if (mapAddress == MAP_FAILED) {
    if (errno == ENOMEM) {
      //如果没有映射成功，直接抛出OutOfMemoryError
      JNU_ThrowOutOfMemoryError(env, "Map failed");
      return IOS_THROWN;
    }
    return handle(env, -1, "Map failed");
  }

  return ((jlong) (unsigned long) mapAddress);
}

 public static ByteBuffer allocateDirect(int capacity) {
    return new DirectByteBuffer(capacity);
  }

  DirectByteBuffer(int cap) {          // package-private

    super(-1, 0, cap, cap);
    //直接内存是否要页对齐，我本机测试的不用
    boolean pa = VM.isDirectMemoryPageAligned();
    //页的大小，本机测试的是4K
    int ps = Bits.pageSize();
    //如果页对齐，则size的大小是ps+cap，ps是一页，cap也是从新的一页开始，也就是页对齐了
    long size = Math.max(1L, (long)cap + (pa ? ps : 0));
    //JVM维护所有直接内存的大小，如果已分配的直接内存加上本次要分配的大小超过允许分配的直接内存的最大值会
    //引起GC，否则允许分配并把已分配的直接内存总量加上本次分配的大小。如果GC之后，还是超过所允许的最大值，
    //则throw new OutOfMemoryError("Direct buffer memory");
    Bits.reserveMemory(size, cap);

    long base = 0;
    try {
      //是吧，unsafe可以直接操作底层内存
      base = unsafe.allocateMemory(size);
    } catch (OutOfMemoryError x) {、
      //没有分配成功，把刚刚加上的已分配的直接内存的大小减去。
      Bits.unreserveMemory(size, cap);
      throw x;
    }
    unsafe.setMemory(base, size, (byte) 0);
    if (pa && (base % ps != 0)) {
      // Round up to page boundary
      address = base + ps - (base & (ps - 1));
    } else {
      address = base;
    }
    cleaner = Cleaner.create(this, new Deallocator(base, size, cap));
    att = null;
  }

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_AllocateMemory(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong size))
 UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_AllocateMemory");
 size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 if (sz != (julong)size || size < 0) {
  THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 }
 if (sz == 0) {
  return 0;
 }
 sz = round_to(sz, HeapWordSize);
 //最后调用的是 u_char* ptr = (u_char*)::malloc(size + space_before + space_after)，也就是malloc。
 void* x = os::malloc(sz, mtInternal);
 if (x == NULL) {
  THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError());
 }
 //Copy::fill_to_words((HeapWord*)x, sz / HeapWordSize);
 return addr_to_java(x);
UNSAFE_END