var path = require('path');
var filepath = '/tmp/demo/js/test.js';

// 输出：/tmp/demo/js
console.log( path.dirname(filepath) );

var path = require('path');

// 输出：test.js
console.log( path.basename('/tmp/demo/js/test.js') );

// 输出：test
console.log( path.basename('/tmp/demo/js/test/') );

// 输出：test
console.log( path.basename('/tmp/demo/js/test') );

// 输出：test
console.log( path.basename('/tmp/demo/js/test.js', '.js') );

var path = require('path');
var filepath = '/tmp/demo/js/test.js';

// 输出：.js
console.log( path.extname(filepath) );

path.extname('index.html')
// returns '.html'

path.extname('index.coffee.md')
// returns '.md'

path.extname('index.')
// returns '.'

path.extname('index')
// returns ''

path.extname('.index')
// returns ''

path.join([...paths])
path.resolve([...paths])

var path = require('path');

// 输出 '/foo/bar/baz/asdf'
path.join('/foo', 'bar', 'baz/asdf', 'quux', '..');

module.exports.join = function(){
 var paths = Array.prototye.slice.call(arguments, 0);
 return this.normalize( paths.join('/') );
};

cd /foo/bar
cd ./baz

var path = require('path');

// 假设当前工作路径是 /Users/a/Documents/git-code/nodejs-learning-guide/examples/2016.11.08-node-path

// 输出 /Users/a/Documents/git-code/nodejs-learning-guide/examples/2016.11.08-node-path
console.log( path.resolve('') )

// 输出 /Users/a/Documents/git-code/nodejs-learning-guide/examples/2016.11.08-node-path
console.log( path.resolve('.') )

// 输出 /foo/bar/baz
console.log( path.resolve('/foo/bar', './baz') );

// 输出 /foo/bar/baz
console.log( path.resolve('/foo/bar', './baz/') );

// 输出 /tmp/file
console.log( path.resolve('/foo/bar', '/tmp/file/') );

// 输出 /Users/a/Documents/git-code/nodejs-learning-guide/examples/2016.11.08-node-path/www/js/mod.js
console.log( path.resolve('www', 'js/upload', '../mod.js') );

In other words, path.normalize is "What is the shortest path I can take that will take me to the same place as the input"

var path = require('path');
var filepath = '/tmp/demo/js/test.js';

var index = 0;

var compare = function(desc, callback){
 console.log('[用例%d]：%s', ++index, desc);
 callback();
 console.log('\n');
};

compare('路径为空', function(){
 // 输出 .
 console.log( path.normalize('') );
});

compare('路径结尾是否带/', function(){
 // 输出 /tmp/demo/js/upload
 console.log( path.normalize('/tmp/demo/js/upload') );

 // /tmp/demo/js/upload/
 console.log( path.normalize('/tmp/demo/js/upload/') );
});

compare('重复的/', function(){
 // 输出 /tmp/demo/js
 console.log( path.normalize('/tmp/demo//js') );
});

compare('路径带..', function(){
 // 输出 /tmp/demo/js
 console.log( path.normalize('/tmp/demo/js/upload/..') );
});

compare('相对路径', function(){
 // 输出 demo/js/upload/
 console.log( path.normalize('./demo/js/upload/') );

 // 输出 demo/js/upload/
 console.log( path.normalize('demo/js/upload/') );
});

compare('不常用边界', function(){
 // 输出 ..
 console.log( path.normalize('./..') );

 // 输出 ..
 console.log( path.normalize('..') );

 // 输出 ../
 console.log( path.normalize('../') );

 // 输出 /
 console.log( path.normalize('/../') );
 
 // 输出 /
 console.log( path.normalize('/..') );
});

┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
│   dir  │ base │
├──────┬    ├──────┬─────┤
│ root │    │ name │ ext │
" / home/user/dir / file .txt "
└──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘
(all spaces in the "" line should be ignored -- they are purely for formatting)

┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
│   dir  │ base │
├──────┬    ├──────┬─────┤
│ root │    │ name │ ext │
" C:\  path\dir \ file .txt "
└──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘
(all spaces in the "" line should be ignored -- they are purely for formatting)

var path = require('path');

var p1 = path.format({
 root: '/tmp/', 
 base: 'hello.js'
});
console.log( p1 ); // 输出 /tmp/hello.js

var p2 = path.format({
 dir: '/tmp', 
 name: 'hello',
 ext: '.js'
});
console.log( p2 ); // 输出 /tmp/hello.js

path.parse('/home/user/dir/file.txt')
// returns
// {
// root : "/",
// dir : "/home/user/dir",
// base : "file.txt",
// ext : ".txt",
// name : "file"
// }

var path = require('path');

var p1 = path.relative('/data/orandea/test/aaa', '/data/orandea/impl/bbb');
console.log(p1); // 输出 "../../impl/bbb"

var p2 = path.relative('/data/demo', '/data/demo');
console.log(p2); // 输出 ""

var p3 = path.relative('/data/demo', '');
console.log(p3); // 输出 "../../Users/a/Documents/git-code/nodejs-learning-guide/examples/2016.11.08-node-path"

> path.win32.join('/tmp', 'fuck')
'\\tmp\\fuck'
> path.win32.sep
'\\'
> path.win32.join('\tmp', 'demo')
'\\tmp\\demo'
> path.win32.join('/tmp', 'demo')
'\\tmp\\demo'

console.log(process.env.PATH)
// '/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin'

process.env.PATH.split(path.delimiter)
// returns ['/usr/bin', '/bin', '/usr/sbin', '/sbin', '/usr/local/bin']

console.log(process.env.PATH)
// 'C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Program Files\node\'

process.env.PATH.split(path.delimiter)
// returns ['C:\\Windows\\system32', 'C:\\Windows', 'C:\\Program Files\\node\\']