public class DataSource {

  /**
   * 驱动类
   */
  private String driveClass;

  /**
   * jdbc地址
   */
  private String url;

  /**
   * 用户名
   */
  private String userName;

  /**
   * 密码
   */
  private String password;

  public String getDriveClass() {
    return driveClass;
  }

  public void setDriveClass(String driveClass) {
    this.driveClass = driveClass;
  }

  public String getUrl() {
    return url;
  }

  public void setUrl(String url) {
    this.url = url;
  }

  public String getUserName() {
    return userName;
  }

  public void setUserName(String userName) {
    this.userName = userName;
  }

  public String getPassword() {
    return password;
  }

  public void setPassword(String password) {
    this.password = password;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "DataSource [driveClass=" + driveClass + ", url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
  }
}

 driveClass=0
 url=1
 userName=2
 password=3

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

  <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
    <property name="location" value="properties/db.properties"></property>
  </bean> 

  <bean id="dataSource" class="org.xrq.spring.action.properties.DataSource">
    <property name="driveClass" value="${driveClass}" />
    <property name="url" value="${url}" />
    <property name="userName" value="${userName}" />
    <property name="password" value="${password}" />
  </bean>
</beans>

public class TestProperties {

  @Test
  public void testProperties() {
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/properties.xml");

    DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)ac.getBean("dataSource");
    System.out.println(dataSource);
  }
}

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
  try {
    Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();

    // Convert the merged properties, if necessary.
    convertProperties(mergedProps);
    // Let the subclass process the properties.
    processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);
  }
  catch (IOException ex) {
    throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);
  }
}

protected Properties mergeProperties() throws IOException {
  Properties result = new Properties();

  if (this.localOverride) {
    // Load properties from file upfront, to let local properties override.
    loadProperties(result);
  }

  if (this.localProperties != null) {
    for (Properties localProp : this.localProperties) {
      CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(localProp, result);
    }
  }

  if (!this.localOverride) {
    // Load properties from file afterwards, to let those properties override.
    loadProperties(result);
  }
  return result;
}

protected void loadProperties(Properties props) throws IOException {
  if (this.locations != null) {
    for (Resource location : this.locations) {
      if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
        logger.info("Loading properties file from " + location);
      }
      InputStream is = null;
      try {
        is = location.getInputStream();

        String filename = null;
        try {
          filename = location.getFilename();
        } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
          // resource is not file-based. See SPR-7552.
        }

        if (filename != null && filename.endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) {
          this.propertiesPersister.loadFromXml(props, is);
        }
        else {
          if (this.fileEncoding != null) {
            this.propertiesPersister.load(props, new InputStreamReader(is, this.fileEncoding));
          }
          else {
            this.propertiesPersister.load(props, is);
          }
        }
      }
      catch (IOException ex) {
        if (this.ignoreResourceNotFound) {
          if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Could not load properties from " + location + ": " + ex.getMessage());
          }
        }
        else {
          throw ex;
        }
      }
      finally {
        if (is != null) {
          is.close();
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
  try {
    Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();

    // Convert the merged properties, if necessary.
    convertProperties(mergedProps);
    // Let the subclass process the properties.
    processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);
  }
  catch (IOException ex) {
    throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);
  }
}

protected void processProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess, Properties props)
    throws BeansException {

  StringValueResolver valueResolver = new PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver(props);
  BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver);

  String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames();
  for (String curName : beanNames) {
    // Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition,
    // to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations.
    if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) {
      BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName);
      try {
        visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd);
      }
      catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage());
      }
    }
  }

  // New in Spring 2.5: resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well.
  beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver);
  // New in Spring 3.0: resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes.
  beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver);
}

public void visitBeanDefinition(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
  visitParentName(beanDefinition);
  visitBeanClassName(beanDefinition);
  visitFactoryBeanName(beanDefinition);
  visitFactoryMethodName(beanDefinition);
  visitScope(beanDefinition);
  visitPropertyValues(beanDefinition.getPropertyValues());
  ConstructorArgumentValues cas = beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues();
  visitIndexedArgumentValues(cas.getIndexedArgumentValues());
  visitGenericArgumentValues(cas.getGenericArgumentValues());
}

protected void visitPropertyValues(MutablePropertyValues pvs) {
  PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues();
  for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) {
    Object newVal = resolveValue(pv.getValue());
    if (!ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(newVal, pv.getValue())) {
      pvs.add(pv.getName(), newVal);
    }
  }
}

protected Object resolveValue(Object value) {
  if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) {
    visitBeanDefinition((BeanDefinition) value);
  }
  else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) {
    visitBeanDefinition(((BeanDefinitionHolder) value).getBeanDefinition());
  }
  else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {
    RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;
    String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());
    if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {
      return new RuntimeBeanReference(newBeanName);
    }
  }
  else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) {
    RuntimeBeanNameReference ref = (RuntimeBeanNameReference) value;
    String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());
    if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {
      return new RuntimeBeanNameReference(newBeanName);
    }
  }
  else if (value instanceof Object[]) {
    visitArray((Object[]) value);
  }
  else if (value instanceof List) {
    visitList((List) value);
  }
  else if (value instanceof Set) {
    visitSet((Set) value);
  }
  else if (value instanceof Map) {
    visitMap((Map) value);
  }
  else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) {
    TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value;
    String stringValue = typedStringValue.getValue();
    if (stringValue != null) {
      String visitedString = resolveStringValue(stringValue);
      typedStringValue.setValue(visitedString);
    }
  }
  else if (value instanceof String) {
    return resolveStringValue((String) value);
  }
  return value;
}

protected String resolveStringValue(String strVal) {
  if (this.valueResolver == null) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("No StringValueResolver specified - pass a resolver " +
        "object into the constructor or override the 'resolveStringValue' method");
  }
  String resolvedValue = this.valueResolver.resolveStringValue(strVal);
  // Return original String if not modified.
  return (strVal.equals(resolvedValue) ? strVal : resolvedValue);
}

 public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException {
   String value = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver);
   return (value.equals(nullValue) ? null : value);
 }

 public String replacePlaceholders(String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver) {
   Assert.notNull(value, "Argument 'value' must not be null.");
   return parseStringValue(value, placeholderResolver, new HashSet<String>());
}

protected String parseStringValue(
    String strVal, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver, Set<String> visitedPlaceholders) {

  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strVal);

  int startIndex = strVal.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix);
  while (startIndex != -1) {
    int endIndex = findPlaceholderEndIndex(buf, startIndex);
    if (endIndex != -1) {
      String placeholder = buf.substring(startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length(), endIndex);
      if (!visitedPlaceholders.add(placeholder)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "Circular placeholder reference '" + placeholder + "' in property definitions");
      }
      // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the placeholder key.
      placeholder = parseStringValue(placeholder, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);

      // Now obtain the value for the fully resolved key...
      String propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(placeholder);
      if (propVal == null && this.valueSeparator != null) {
        int separatorIndex = placeholder.indexOf(this.valueSeparator);
        if (separatorIndex != -1) {
          String actualPlaceholder = placeholder.substring(0, separatorIndex);
          String defaultValue = placeholder.substring(separatorIndex + this.valueSeparator.length());
          propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(actualPlaceholder);
          if (propVal == null) {
            propVal = defaultValue;
          }
        }
      }
      if (propVal != null) {
        // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the
        // previously resolved placeholder value.
        propVal = parseStringValue(propVal, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);
        buf.replace(startIndex, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length(), propVal);
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
          logger.trace("Resolved placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");
        }
        startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, startIndex + propVal.length());
      }
      else if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) {
        // Proceed with unprocessed value.
        startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length());
      }
      else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not resolve placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");
      }

      visitedPlaceholders.remove(placeholder);
    }
    else {
      startIndex = -1;
    }
  }

  return buf.toString();
}