/**
 * @author xiongyongshun
 * VM Args: java -Xms10m -Xmx10m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
 */
public class OutOfMemoryErrorTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
    int i = 0;
    while (true) {
      list.add(i++);
    }
  }
}

>>> java -Xms10m -Xmx10m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError com.test.OutOfMemoryErrorTest                                              16-10-02 23:35
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
Dumping heap to java_pid1810.hprof ...
Heap dump file created [14212861 bytes in 0.125 secs]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
    at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3210)
    at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3181)
    at java.util.ArrayList.grow(ArrayList.java:261)
    at java.util.ArrayList.ensureExplicitCapacity(ArrayList.java:235)
    at java.util.ArrayList.ensureCapacityInternal(ArrayList.java:227)
    at java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:458)
    at com.test.OutOfMemoryErrorTest.main(OutOfMemoryErrorTest.java:15)

/**
 * @author xiongyongshun
 * VM Args: java -Xss64k
 */
public class OutOfMemoryErrorTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    stackOutOfMemoryError(1);
  }

  public static void stackOutOfMemoryError(int depth) {
    depth++;
    stackOutOfMemoryError(depth);
  }
}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
  at com.test.OutOfMemoryErrorTest.stackOutOfMemoryError(OutOfMemoryErrorTest.java:27)

注意, 因为 JDK8 已经移除了永久代, 取而代之的是 metaspace, 因此在 JDK8 中, 下面两个例子都不会导致 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space 异常.

/**
 * @author xiongyongshun
 * VM Args: -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M 
 */
public class RuntimeConstantPoolOOMTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    int i = 0;
    while (true) {
      list.add(String.valueOf(i++).intern());
    }
  }
}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
    at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
    at com.test.RuntimeConstantPoolOOMTest.main(RuntimeConstantPoolOOMTest.java:16)

>>> java -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M com.test.RuntimeConstantPoolOOMTest                                                 16-10-03 0:23
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option PermSize=10M; support was removed in 8.0
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=10M; support was removed in 8.0

//VM Args: -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M
public class MethodAreaOOMTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    while (true) {
      Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
      enhancer.setSuperclass(MethodAreaOOMTest.class);
      enhancer.setUseCache(false);
      enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
        public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
          return methodProxy.invokeSuper(o, objects);
        }
      });

      enhancer.create();
    }
  }
}

/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6/Home/bin/java -jar -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M target/Test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:637)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:621)
    ... 11 more

//VM Args: -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=10M
public class MethodAreaOOMTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    while (true) {
      Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
      enhancer.setSuperclass(MethodAreaOOMTest.class);
      enhancer.setUseCache(false);
      enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
        public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
          return methodProxy.invokeSuper(o, objects);
        }
      });

      enhancer.create();
    }
  }
}

>>> java -jar -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=10M target/Test-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace
  at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.generate(AbstractClassGenerator.java:345)
  at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.generate(Enhancer.java:492)
  at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData.get(AbstractClassGenerator.java:114)
  at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:291)
  at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:480)
  at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:305)
  at com.test.MethodAreaOOMTest.main(MethodAreaOOMTest.java:22)