package a.b; 
public class A { 
public void a1() { 
    System.out.println("Superclass"); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class B extends A { 
public void a1() { 
    System.out.println("Childrenclass"); //覆盖父类方法 
} 
    public void b1(){} //B类定义了自己的新方法 
} 

package a.b; 
public class C { 
public static void main(String[] args) { 
    A a = new B(); //向上转型 
    a.a1(); 
} 
} 

B a = new B(); 
a.a1(); 

package a.b; 
public class Monitor{ 
public void displayText() {} 
public void displayGraphics() {} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class LCDMonitor extends Monitor { 
public void displayText() { 
    System.out.println("LCD display text"); 
} 
public void displayGraphics() { 
    System.out.println("LCD display graphics"); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class CRTMonitor extends Monitor { 
public void displayText() { 
    System.out.println("CRT display text"); 
} 
public void displayGraphics() { 
    System.out.println("CRT display graphics"); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class PlasmaMonitor extends Monitor { 
public void displayText() { 
    System.out.println("Plasma display text"); 
} 
public void displayGraphics() { 
    System.out.println("Plasma display graphics"); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class MyMonitor { 
public static void main(String[] args) { 
    run(new LCDMonitor()); 
    run(new CRTMonitor()); 
    run(new PlasmaMonitor()); 
} 
public static void run(LCDMonitor monitor) { 
    monitor.displayText(); 
    monitor.displayGraphics(); 
} 
public static void run(CRTMonitor monitor) { 
    monitor.displayText(); 
    monitor.displayGraphics(); 
} 
public static void run(PlasmaMonitor monitor) { 
    monitor.displayText(); 
    monitor.displayGraphics(); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class MyMonitor { 
public static void main(String[] args) { 
    run(new LCDMonitor());           //向上转型 
    run(new CRTMonitor());           //向上转型 
    run(new PlasmaMonitor());      //向上转型 
} 
public static void run(Monitor monitor) { //父类实例作为参数 
    monitor.displayText(); 
    monitor.displayGraphics(); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public interface Monitor { 
abstract void displayText(); 
abstract void displayGraphics(); 
} 

package a.b; 
public class LCDMonitor implements Monitor { 
public void displayText() { 
    System.out.println("LCD display text"); 
} 
public void displayGraphics() { 
    System.out.println("LCD display graphics"); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class A { 
void aMthod() { 
    System.out.println("A method"); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class B extends A { 
void bMethod1() { 
    System.out.println("B method 1"); 
} 
void bMethod2() { 
    System.out.println("B method 2"); 
} 
} 

package a.b; 
public class C { 
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      A a1 = new B(); // 向上转型 
      a1.aMthod();  // 调用父类aMthod()，a1遗失B类方法bMethod1()、bMethod2() 
      B b1 = (B) a1; // 向下转型，编译无错误，运行时无错误 
      b1.aMthod();  // 调用父类A方法 
      b1.bMethod1(); // 调用B类方法 
      b1.bMethod2(); // 调用B类方法 
      A a2 = new A(); 
      B b2 = (B) a2; // 向下转型，编译无错误，运行时将出错 
      b2.aMthod(); 
      b2.bMethod1(); 
      b2.bMethod2(); 
   } 
} 

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: a.b.A cannot be cast to a.b.B at 
        a.b.C.main(C.java:14) 
A method 
A method 
B method 1 
B method 2 

A a2 = new A(); 
if (a2 instanceof B) { 
B b2 = (B) a2; 
b2.aMthod(); 
b2.bMethod1(); 
b2.bMethod2(); 
}