<?php

// ... 

use Validator;

class CommentController
{

  public function postStoreComment(Request $request)
  {
    $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
      'comment' => 'required', // 只是实例，就写个简单的规则，你的网站要是这么写欢迎在评论里贴网址
    ]);

    if ($validator->fails()) {
      return redirect()
        ->back()
        ->withErrors($validator)
        ->withInput();
    }
  }

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use App\Http\Requests\Request; // 可以看到，这个基类是在我们的项目中的，这意味着我们可以修改它

class StoreCommentRequest extends Request
{
  /**
   * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
   *
   * @return bool
   */
  public function authorize() // 这个方法可以用来控制访问权限，例如禁止未付费用户评论…
  {
    return false; // 注意！这里默认是false，记得改成true
  }

  /**
   * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
   *
   * @return array
   */
  public function rules() // 这个方法返回验证规则数组，也就是Validator的验证规则
  {
    return [
      //
    ];
  }
}

<?php

// ...

  public function rules()
  {
    return [

    ];
  }

// ...

<?php

// ...

  // 之前：public function postStoreComment(Request $request)
  public function postStoreComment(\App\Http\Requests\StoreCommentRequest $request)
  {
    // ...
  }

// ...

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Validation;

use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidatesWhenResolved;

class ValidationServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
  /**
   * Register the service provider.
   *
   * @return void
   */
  public function register()
  {
    $this->registerValidationResolverHook(); // 看我看我看我

    $this->registerPresenceVerifier();

    $this->registerValidationFactory();
  }

  /**
   * Register the "ValidatesWhenResolved" container hook.
   *
   * @return void
   */
  protected function registerValidationResolverHook() // 对，就是我
  {
    // 这里可以看到对`ValidatesWhenResolved`的实现做了一个监听
    $this->app->afterResolving(function (ValidatesWhenResolved $resolved) {
      $resolved->validate(); // 然后调用了它的`validate`方法进行验证
    });
  }

// ...

<?php 

namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Http;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\Response;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
use Illuminate\Routing\Redirector;
use Illuminate\Container\Container;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Validator;
use Illuminate\Http\Exception\HttpResponseException;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidatesWhenResolvedTrait;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidatesWhenResolved; // 是你
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Factory as ValidationFactory;

// 我们`app\Http\Requests\Request`便是继承于这个`FormRequest`类
class FormRequest extends Request implements ValidatesWhenResolved // 就是你
{
  use ValidatesWhenResolvedTrait; // 这个我们待会儿也要看看

  // ...

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Validation;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationException;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\UnauthorizedException;

/**
 * Provides default implementation of ValidatesWhenResolved contract.
 */
trait ValidatesWhenResolvedTrait
{
  /**
   * Validate the class instance.
   *
   * @return void
   */
  public function validate() // 这里实现了`validate`方法
  {
    $instance = $this->getValidatorInstance(); // 这里获取了`Validator`实例

    if (! $this->passesAuthorization()) {
      $this->failedAuthorization(); // 这是调用了访问授权的失败处理
    } elseif (! $instance->passes()) {
      $this->failedValidation($instance); // 这里调用了验证失败的处理，我们主要看这里
    }
  }

  // ...

<?php

// ...

  /**
   * Handle a failed validation attempt.
   *
   * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Validator $validator
   * @return mixed
   */
  protected function failedValidation(Validator $validator)
  {
    throw new HttpResponseException($this->response( // 这里抛出了传说中的异常
      $this->formatErrors($validator)
    ));
  }

<?php

  // ...

  /**
   * Run the route action and return the response.
   *
   * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
   * @return mixed
   */
  public function run(Request $request)
  {
    $this->container = $this->container ?: new Container;

    try {
      if (! is_string($this->action['uses'])) {
        return $this->runCallable($request);
      }

      if ($this->customDispatcherIsBound()) {
        return $this->runWithCustomDispatcher($request);
      }

      return $this->runController($request);
    } catch (HttpResponseException $e) { // 就是这里
      return $e->getResponse(); // 这里直接返回了Response给客户端
    }
  }

  // ...

<?php

// ...

  // 132行：
  if ($this->ajax() || $this->wantsJson()) { // 对AJAX请求的处理
    return new JsonResponse($errors, 422);
  }

  return $this->redirector->to($this->getRedirectUrl()) // 对普通表单提交的处理
                  ->withInput($this->except($this->dontFlash))
                  ->withErrors($errors, $this->errorBag);

// ...