$su
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

#mkdir /usr/local/mysql
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
#cp -r /home/jieyamulu/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql

root@Ice-***:/usr/local# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# ll
总用量 44
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2月 16 04:30 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 bin/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 etc/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 games/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 include/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2月 16 04:23 lib/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 3月 29 14:11 man -> share/man/
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2月 16 04:34 share/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 src/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# cd mysql/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ll
总用量 64
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 5月 19 07:39 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 bin/
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 5月 19 07:48 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:41 data/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 docs/
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 include/
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 lib/
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 man/
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 5月 19 07:48 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 share/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 support-files/

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
:wq

# cd /usr/local/mysql/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

2017-05-19T00:15:46.529420Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-05-19T00:15:47.066125Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2017-05-19T00:15:47.213711Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.286951Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4e958344-3c28-11e7-8334-c8d3ffd2db82.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.292857Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.294758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YjaotQk*2ew4

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R root .
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R mysql data

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> 

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpasswd');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql       |
| performance_schema |
| sys        |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-server
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-client
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev


E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

service mysql stop
~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user      = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket     = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port      = 3306
basedir     = /usr
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir     = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
character_set_server=utf8 就是这一行,原来是没有的,要手动添加!
skip-external-locking
#

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name    | Value      |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database  | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server   | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name      | Value           |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client   | utf8            |
| character_set_connection | utf8            |
| character_set_database  | utf8            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | utf8            |
| character_set_server   | utf8            |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)