public function register() {
 // 注册路由管理，提供路由注册，路由匹配的功能
 $this->registerRouter();
 // 注册 Url 生成器实例
 $this->registerUrlGenerator();
 // 注册跳转器
 $this->registerRedirector();
 // 绑定 PSR-7 请求实现到 ServerRequestInterface 接口
 $this->registerPsrRequest();
 // 绑定 PSR-7 Response 实现到 ResponseInterface 接口
 $this->registerPsrResponse();
 // 注册 ReponseFactory，提供各式各样的 Response，比如视图响应、Json响应、Jsonp响应、文件下载等
 $this->registerResponseFactory();
}

public function map(Router $router){
 require __DIR__.'/routes.php';
}

$this->router->dispatch($request)

public function dispatch(Request $request) {
 $this->currentRequest = $request;
 return $this->dispatchToRoute($request);
}

public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request) {
 // 根据请求的 url 找到匹配的路由
 $route = $this->findRoute($request);
 // 将路由绑定到请求上
 $request->setRouteResolver(function () use ($route) {
 return $route;
 }
 // 触发 RouteMatched 事件
 $this->events->dispatch(new Events\RouteMatched($route, $request));
 // 通过 Pipeline 流水线执行路由上绑定的中间件及对应的方法
 $response = $this->runRouteWithinStack($route, $request);
 // 根据 request 请求设置 response 的响应头
 return $this->prepareResponse($request, $response);
}

$url = new UrlGenerator(
 $routes = new RouteCollection,
 $request = Request::create('http://www.foo.com/')
);

$url->to('foo/bar'); // 输出 http://www.foo.com/foo/bar

// 路径名是 foo/bar，当前请求的根路径为 http://www.foo.com，所以输出是 http://www.foo.com/foo/bar
$url->to('foo/bar')
// 路径名是 foo/bar，当前请求的根路径为 http://www.foo.com，第三个参数决定 scheme 是 https，所以输出是 https://www.foo.com/foo/bar
$url->to('foo/bar', [], true)
// 路径名是 foo/bar，第二个参数 是补充路径名，implode 后是 /baz/boom
// 第三个参数决定 scheme 是 https，所以输出是 https://www.foo.com/foo/bar/baz/boom
$url->to('foo/bar', ['baz', 'boom'], true)
// 路径名是 foo/bar，查询参数是 ?foo=bar ，补充路径是 /baz，所以输出是 https://www.foo.com/foo/bar/baz?foo=bar
$url->to('foo/bar?foo=bar', ['baz'], true)

$route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo/bar', ['as' => 'foo']);
$routes->add($route);

// 输出 'http://www.foo.com/foo/bar
$url->route('foo');

// 第三个参数为 false，表示不显示根目录，于是输出 /foo/bar
$url->route('foo', [], false)

// 路由中的 url 本身不带参数，则第二参数中所有关联数组都将作为查询参数
// 输出 /foo/bar?foo=bar
$url->route('foo', ['foo' => 'bar'], false)

$route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo/bar/{baz}/breeze/{boom}', ['as' => 'bar']);
$routes->add($route);

// 路由上的 url 带参数，根据参数名找值；剩余多余的为查询参数；
// 输出 http://www.foo.com/foo/bar/otwell/breeze/taylor?fly=wall
$url->route('bar', ['boom' => 'taylor', 'baz' => 'otwell', 'fly' => 'wall']);

// 路由上的 url 带参数，找不到对应的参数值，则按顺序作值；剩余多余的为查询参数；
// 输出 http://www.foo.com/foo/bar/taylor/breeze/otwell?fly=wall
$url->route('bar', ['taylor', 'otwell', 'fly' => 'wall']);

$route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo/bam', ['controller' => 'foo@bar']);
$routes->add($route);

// 输出 http://www.foo.com/foo/bam
$url->action('foo@bar');

$route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo/invoke', ['controller' => 'InvokableActionStub']);
$routes->add($route);

// 输出 http://www.foo.com/foo/invoke
$url->action('InvokableActionStub');

$url->defaults(['locale' => 'en']);

$route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo', ['as' => 'defaults', 'domain' => '{locale}.example.com', function() {}]);

// 路由 url 有参数，但没有传参数值，则会找全局默认参数值；输出 http://en.example.com/foo
$url->route('defaults');

// 设置全局命名空间
$url->setRootControllerNamespace('namespace');

// 配置添加路由
$route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo/bar', ['controller' => 'namespace\foo@bar']);
$routes->add($route);
$route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo/invoke', ['controller' => 'namespace\InvokableActionStub']);
$routes->add($route);

// 输出 http://www.foo.com/foo/bar; action 的值省略 namespace 这个命名空间
$url->action('foo@bar');
// 输出 http://www.foo.com/foo/invoke; action 的值省略 namespace 这个命名空间
$url->action('InvokableActionStub');

// 配置添加路由
$route = new Route(['GET'], 'something/else', ['controller' => 'something\foo@bar']);
$routes->add($route);

// 输出 http://www.foo.com/something/else； action 的最前面加了 `\`，全局命名空间下调用
$url->action('\something\foo@bar')；

public function home($status = 302)

public function back($status = 302, $headers = [], $fallback = false)

if ($url) {
  return $url;
} elseif ($fallback) {
 return $this->to($fallback);
} else {
 return $this->to('/');
}

public function refresh($status = 302, $headers = [])

public function to($path, $status = 302, $headers = [], $secure = null)

public function away($path, $status = 302, $headers = [])

public function secure($path, $status = 302, $headers = [])

return $this->to($path, $status, $headers, true);

public function route($route, $parameters = [], $status = 302, $headers = [])

public function action($action, $parameters = [], $status = 302, $headers = [])

public function guest($path, $status = 302, $headers = [], $secure = null)

public function intended($default = '/', $status = 302, $headers = [], $secure = null)

response()->view('hello', $data, 200);

response()->json(['name' => 'Abigail', 'state' => 'CA']);

response()->json(['name' => 'Abigail', 'state' => 'CA'])->withCallback($request->input('callback'));

response()->file($pathToFile, $headers);

return response()->download($pathToFile, $name, $headers);