public class SuperSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
  SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder;
 
  public SuperSurfaceView(Context context) {
    super(context);
    surfaceHolder = this.getHolder();
    surfaceHolder.addCallback(this);
  }
 
  @Override
  public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
                int height) {
 
  }
 
  @Override
  public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
    new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
  }
 
  @Override
  public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
 
  }
 
  class MyThread implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      Canvas canvas = surfaceHolder.lockCanvas(null);//获取画布
      Paint mPaint = new Paint();
      mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
      canvas.drawRect(new RectF(100, 100, 1000, 550), mPaint);
      surfaceHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);//解锁画布，提交画好的图像
 
    }
  }
}

public abstract class SuperSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
  SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder;
 
  public SuperSurfaceView(Context context) {
    super(context);
    surfaceHolder = this.getHolder();
    surfaceHolder.addCallback(this);
  }
 
  @Override
  public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
                int height) {
 
  }
 
  @Override
  public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
    new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
  }
 
  @Override
  public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
 
  }
 
  class MyThread implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      Canvas canvas = surfaceHolder.lockCanvas(null);//获取画布
      doDraw(canvas);
      surfaceHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);//解锁画布，提交画好的图像
 
    }
  }
 
  //将绘制图案的方法抽象出来，让子类实现，调用getBitmap方法时就会调用此方法
  protected abstract void doDraw(Canvas canvas);
 
  //调用该方法将doDraw绘制的图案绘制在自己的canvas上
  public Bitmap getBitmap() {
    Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(getWidth(), getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
    Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
    doDraw(canvas);
    return bitmap;
  }
}

Button bt = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt);
FrameLayout fl = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.fl);
//用到surfaceview需继承SuperSurfaceView才能截到屏，否则截出来是黑屏
SuperSurfaceView surfaceView = new SuperSurfaceView(this) {
  @Override
  protected void doDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    Paint mPaint = new Paint();
    mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
    canvas.drawRect(new RectF(100, 100, 1000, 550), mPaint);
  }
};
fl.addView(surfaceView);
 
bt.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
    //调用该方法即可得到surfaceview上绘制的图案
    Bitmap bitmap = surfaceView.getBitmap();
  }
});