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用JAVA 设计生成二维码详细教程

  • 时间:2021-09-21 10:54 编辑: 来源: 阅读:
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摘要:用JAVA 设计生成二维码详细教程
[b]教你一步一步用 java 设计生成二维码[/b] 在物联网的时代,二维码是个很重要的东西了,现在无论什么东西都要搞个二维码标志,唯恐落伍,就差人没有用二维码识别了。也许有一天生分证或者户口本都会用二维码识别了。今天心血来潮,看见别人都为自己的博客添加了二维码,我也想搞一个测试一下. 主要用来实现两点: 1. 生成任意文字的二维码. 2. 在二维码的中间加入图像. [b]一、准备工作。[/b] 准备QR二维码3.0 版本的core包和一张jpg图片。 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168791252126.png?20167791311[/img] 下载QR二维码包。 首先得下载 zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包 下载地址: 现在已经迁移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing, 当然你也可以从maven仓库下载jar 包: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/ [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168791445835.png?2016779156[/img] [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168791526411.png?20167791546[/img] [b]二、程序设计[/b]  1、启动eclipse,新建一个java项目,命好项目名(本例取名为QRCodeSoft)。点下一步: [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168791655611.png?20167791717[/img] 2、导入zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包:点“添加外部JAR(X)…”。 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168791757944.png?20167791834[/img] [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168791901041.png?20167791924[/img] [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168792252946.png?20167792322[/img] 3、新建两个类,分别是: BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java QRCodeUtil.java [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168792917925.png?20167792949[/img] 关键代码在于:BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中测试的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。 BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代码:
package com.yihaomen.barcode;


import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;

public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
 private final BufferedImage image;
 private final int left;
 private final int top;

 public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
  this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
 }

 public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,
   int top, int width, int height) {
  super(width, height);

  int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
  int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
  if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
   throw new IllegalArgumentException(
     "Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
  }

  for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
   for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
    if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
     image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
    }
   }
  }

  this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
    BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
  this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
  this.left = left;
  this.top = top;
 }

 
 public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
  if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
   throw new IllegalArgumentException(
     "Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
  }
  int width = getWidth();
  if (row == null || row.length < width) {
   row = new byte[width];
  }
  image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
  return row;
 }

 
 public byte[] getMatrix() {
  int width = getWidth();
  int height = getHeight();
  int area = width * height;
  byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
  image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
  return matrix;
 }

 
 public boolean isCropSupported() {
  return true;
 }

 
 public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
  return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,
    this.top + top, width, height);
 }

 
 public boolean isRotateSupported() {
  return true;
 }

 
 public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
  int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
  int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
  AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0,
    0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
  BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,
    sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
  Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
  g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
  g.dispose();
  int width = getWidth();
  return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,
    sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
 }
}
QRCodeUtil.java的程序代码:
package com.yihaomen.barcode;



import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

/**
 * 二维码工具类
 * 
 */
public class QRCodeUtil {

 private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
 private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
 // 二维码尺寸
 private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
 // LOGO宽度
 private static final int WIDTH = 60;
 // LOGO高度
 private static final int HEIGHT = 60;

 private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,
   boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
  Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
  hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
  hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
  hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
  BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
    BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
  int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
  int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
  BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
  for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
   for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
    image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
      : 0xFFFFFFFF);
   }
  }
  if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
   return image;
  }
  // 插入图片
  QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
  return image;
 }

 /**
  * 插入LOGO
  * 
  * @param source
  *   二维码图片
  * @param imgPath
  *   LOGO图片地址
  * @param needCompress
  *   是否压缩
  * @throws Exception
  */
 private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,
   boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
  File file = new File(imgPath);
  if (!file.exists()) {
   System.err.println(""+imgPath+" 该文件不存在!");
   return;
  }
  Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
  int width = src.getWidth(null);
  int height = src.getHeight(null);
  if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
   if (width > WIDTH) {
    width = WIDTH;
   }
   if (height > HEIGHT) {
    height = HEIGHT;
   }
   Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,
     Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
   BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,
     BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
   Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
   g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
   g.dispose();
   src = image;
  }
  // 插入LOGO
  Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
  int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
  int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
  graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
  Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
  graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
  graph.draw(shape);
  graph.dispose();
 }

 /**
  * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
  * 
  * @param content
  *   内容
  * @param imgPath
  *   LOGO地址
  * @param destPath
  *   存放目录
  * @param needCompress
  *   是否压缩LOGO
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,
   boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
  BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
    needCompress);
  mkdirs(destPath);
  String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
  ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
 }

 /**
  * 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
  * @author lanyuan
  * Email: mmm333zzz520@163.com
  * @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36
  * @param destPath 存放目录
  */
 public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
  File file =new File(destPath); 
  //当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
  if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
   file.mkdirs();
  }
 }

 /**
  * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
  * 
  * @param content
  *   内容
  * @param imgPath
  *   LOGO地址
  * @param destPath
  *   存储地址
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)
   throws Exception {
  QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
 }

 /**
  * 生成二维码
  * 
  * @param content
  *   内容
  * @param destPath
  *   存储地址
  * @param needCompress
  *   是否压缩LOGO
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static void encode(String content, String destPath,
   boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
  QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
 }

 /**
  * 生成二维码
  * 
  * @param content
  *   内容
  * @param destPath
  *   存储地址
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
  QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
 }

 /**
  * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
  * 
  * @param content
  *   内容
  * @param imgPath
  *   LOGO地址
  * @param output
  *   输出流
  * @param needCompress
  *   是否压缩LOGO
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,
   OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
  BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
    needCompress);
  ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
 }

 /**
  * 生成二维码
  * 
  * @param content
  *   内容
  * @param output
  *   输出流
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)
   throws Exception {
  QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
 }

 /**
  * 解析二维码
  * 
  * @param file
  *   二维码图片
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
  BufferedImage image;
  image = ImageIO.read(file);
  if (image == null) {
   return null;
  }
  BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(
    image);
  BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
  Result result;
  Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();
  hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
  result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
  String resultStr = result.getText();
  return resultStr;
 }

 /**
  * 解析二维码
  * 
  * @param path
  *   二维码图片地址
  * @return
  * @throws Exception
  */
 public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
  return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  String text = "http://www.yihaomen.com";
  QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "c:/me.jpg", "c:/barcode", true);
 }
}
生成不带logo 的二维码 程序代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
  QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);
}
运行这个测试方法,生成的二维码不带 logo , 样式如下: [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168792747458.png?20167792841[/img] [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168793027857.png?20167793051[/img] 有兴趣可以用手机扫描一下 生成带logo 的二维码 logo 可以用自己的头像,或者自己喜欢的一个图片都可以 , 采用如下代码,程序代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
  QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc", true);
 } 
唯一的区别是,在前面的基础上指定了logo 的地址,这里测试都用了c盘的图片文件 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168793455349.png?20167793523[/img] [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201608/20168793558892.png?20167793615[/img] 用手机扫描,能出现要出现的文字,点击就进入自己的网站。 以上就是用JAVA 设计生成二维码,有兴趣的朋友可以参考下,谢谢大家对本站的支持!
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