一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序 　　1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372420.png[/img] 　　2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

 <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
 <servlet>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

　　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">          

  <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>

  <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

  <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
  <mvc:annotation-driven />
  
  <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 
      id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <!-- 前缀 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
    <!-- 后缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
  </bean>
</beans>

　　4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。 　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372421.png[/img] 　　6.编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {

  @RequestMapping("/hello")
  public String hello(){    
    return "hello";
  }
}

　　7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello [h1]　二、配置解析[/h1] 　　1.Dispatcherservlet 　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。 　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver 　　视图名称解析器 　　3.以上出现的注解 　　@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中 　　@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求 [h1]　三、SpringMVC常用注解[/h1] 　　@Controller 　　负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中 　　@RequestMapping 　　注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求 　　@RequestBody 　　该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上 　　@ResponseBody 　　该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区 　　@ModelAttribute 　　　 　　在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法 　　在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中  　　@RequestParam　 　　在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法 　　@PathVariable 　　绑定 URL 占位符到入参 　　@ExceptionHandler 　　注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法 　　@ControllerAdvice 　　使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常 [h1]　四、自动匹配参数[/h1]

 //match automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person")
 public String toPerson(String name,double age){
   System.out.println(name+" "+age);
   return "hello";
 }

[h1]　五、自动装箱[/h1] 　　1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;

public class Person {
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public int getAge() {
    return age;
  }
  public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
  private String name;
  private int age;
  
}

　　2.在Controller里编写方法

 //boxing automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person1")
 public String toPerson(Person p){
   System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
   return "hello";
 }

[h1]　六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数[/h1]

 //the parameter was converted in initBinder
 @RequestMapping("/date")
 public String date(Date date){
   System.out.println(date);
   return "hello";
 }
  
 //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
 @InitBinder
 public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
   binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
       true));
 }

[h1]　七、向前台传递参数[/h1]

 //pass the parameters to front-end
 @RequestMapping("/show")
 public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
   Person p =new Person();
   map.put("p", p);
   p.setAge(20);
   p.setName("jayjay");
   return "show";
 }

　　前台可在Request域中取到"p" [h1]　八、使用Ajax调用[/h1]

 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
 @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
 public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
   pw.write("hello,"+name);    
 }
 @RequestMapping("/name")
 public String sayHello(){
   return "name";
 }

　　前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

 $(function(){
   $("#btn").click(function(){
    $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
       alert(data);
     });
   });
 });

[h1]　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求[/h1]

 //redirect 
 @RequestMapping("/redirect")
 public String redirect(){
   return "redirect:hello";
 }

[h1]　十、文件上传[/h1] 　　1.需要导入两个jar包 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372422.png[/img] 　　2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

 <!-- upload settings -->
 <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
   <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
 </bean>

　　3.方法代码

  @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
    MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
    MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
    String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");    
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
        "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
    fos.write(file.getBytes());
    fos.flush();
    fos.close();
    
    return "hello";
  }

　　4.前台form表单

  <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="file"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
  </form>

[h1]　十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name[/h1]

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1 {
  @RequestMapping(value="/param")
  public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
      @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
    System.out.println(id+" "+name);
    return "/hello";
  }  
}

[h1]　十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC[/h1] 　　1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("get"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("post"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
  public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("put"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
  public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("delete"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
}

　　2.form表单发送put和delete请求 　　在web.xml中配置

 <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
 <filter>
   <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

　　在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
    <input type="submit" value="put">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="submit" value="post">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
    <input type="submit" value="get">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
    <input type="submit" value="delete">
  </form>

[h1]　十三、返回json格式的字符串[/h1] 　　1.导入以下jar包 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372423.png[/img] 　　2.方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {
  
  @ResponseBody
  @RequestMapping("/user")
  public User get(){
    User u = new User();
    u.setId(1);
    u.setName("jayjay");
    u.setBirth(new Date());
    return u;
  }
}

[h1]　十四、异常的处理[/h1] 　　1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

 @ExceptionHandler
 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
   ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
   mv.addObject("exception", ex);
   System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
   return mv;
 }
  
 @RequestMapping("/error")
 public String error(){
   int i = 5/0;
   return "hello";
 }

　　2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
  @ExceptionHandler
  public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
    mv.addObject("exception", ex);
    System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
    return mv;
  }
}

　　3.另一种处理全局异常的方法 　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

 <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
   <property name="exceptionMappings">
     <props>
       <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
     </props>
   </property>
 </bean>

　　error是出错页面 [h1]　十五、设置一个自定义拦截器[/h1] 　　1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

  @Override
  public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
      HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
      throws Exception {
    System.out.println("afterCompletion");
  }

  @Override
  public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
      Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("postHandle");
  }

  @Override
  public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
      Object arg2) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("preHandle");
    return true;
  }

}

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

  <!-- interceptor setting -->
  <mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
      <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
      <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>gt;
    </mvc:interceptor>    
  </mvc:interceptors>

　　3.拦截器执行顺序 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372424.png[/img] [h1]　十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化[/h1] 　　1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372525.png[/img] (未选中不用导入) [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372526.png[/img] 　　2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public Date getBirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setBirth(Date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  }  
  private int id;
  @NotEmpty
  private String name;

  @Past
  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
  private Date birth;
}

　　ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值 　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

  <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
    id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
    name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
    birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
  </form:form> 

　　ps:path对应name 　　4.Controller中代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
  @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)  
  public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
    if(br.getErrorCount()>0){      
      return "addUser";
    }
    return "showUser";
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
    map.put("user",new User());
    return "addUser";
  }
}

　　ps: 　　1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user". 　　2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数 　　3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显 　　5.错误信息自定义 　　在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

  <!-- configure the locale resource -->
  <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
    <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
  </bean>

　　6.国际化显示 　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

　　locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

　　创建一个locale.jsp

 <body>
  <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
  <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
 </body>

　　在SpringMVC中配置

  <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
  <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

　　让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问 　　最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了 [h1]　十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC[/h1] 　　1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类 [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372527.png[/img] 　　2.User实体类

public class User {
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public Date getBirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setBirth(Date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  }  
  private int id;
  @NotEmpty
  private String name;

  @Past
  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
  private Date birth;
}

　　3.UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {
  public UserService(){
    System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
  }
  
  public void save(){
    System.out.println("save");
  }
}

　　4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {
  @Autowired
  private UserService userService;
  
  @RequestMapping("/user")
  public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
    System.out.println(u);
    userService.save();
    return "hello";
  }
}

　　5.Spring配置文件 　　在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    "
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    >
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>    
  </context:component-scan>
  
</beans>

　　在Web.xml中添加配置

 <!-- configure the springIOC -->
 <listener>
   <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param> 
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

　　6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
  </context:component-scan>

[h1]　十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图[/h1] [img]http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201612/2016120322372528.png[/img] [h1]　十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别[/h1] 　　1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。 　　2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。 　　3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。