function sleep (ms) {
 return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms)
}
async function oneTick (ms) {
 console.log('start')
 await sleep(ms)
 console.log('end')
}
oneTick(3000)

vue.nextTick(() => {
 // todo...
})

const nextTick = (function () {
 const callbacks = []
 let pending = false
 let timerFunc // 定时函数

 function nextTickHandler () {
  pending = false
  const copies = callbacks.slice(0) // 复制
  callbacks.length = 0 // 清空
  for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
   copies[i]() // 逐个执行
  }
 }

 if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
  var p = Promise.resolve()
  var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
  timerFunc = () => {
   p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError) // 重点
  }
 } else if ('!isIE MutationObserver') {
  var counter = 1
  var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) // 重点
  var textNode = document.createTextNode(string(conter))

  observer.observe(textNode, {
   characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
   counter = (counter + 1) % 2
   textNode.data = String(counter)
  }
 } else {
  timerFunc = () => {
   setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) // 重点
  }
 }


 return function queueNextTick (cb, ctx) { // api的使用方式
  let _resolve
  callbacks.push(() => {
   if (cb) {
    try {
     cb.call(ctx)
    } catch (e) {
     err
    }
   } else if (_resolve) {
    _resolve(ctx)
   }
  })
  if (!pending) {
   pending = true
   timerFunc()
  }
  if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    _resolve =resolve
   })
  }
 }
})() // 自执行函数

return function queueNextTick (cb, ctx) { // api的使用方式
  let _resolve
  callbacks.push(() => {
   if (cb) {
    try {
     cb.call(ctx)
    } catch (e) {
     err
    }
   } else if (_resolve) {
    _resolve(ctx)
   }
  })
  if (!pending) {
   pending = true
   timerFunc()
  }
  if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    _resolve =resolve
   })
  }
 }

 if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
  var p = Promise.resolve()
  var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
  timerFunc = () => {
   p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError) // 重点
  }
 } else if ('!isIE MutationObserver') {
  var counter = 1
  var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) // 重点
  var textNode = document.createTextNode(string(conter))

  observer.observe(textNode, {
   characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
   counter = (counter + 1) % 2
   textNode.data = String(counter)
  }
 } else {
  timerFunc = () => {
   setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) // 重点
  }
 }

function nextTickHandler () {
  pending = false
  const copies = callbacks.slice(0) // 复制
  callbacks.length = 0 // 清空
  for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
   copies[i]() // 逐个执行
  }
 }

const simpleNextTick = (function () {
 let callbacks = []
 let timerFunc

 return function queueNextTick (cb) {
  callbacks.push(() => { // 给callbacks 推入cb()
   cb()
  })

  timerFunc = () => {
   return Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    const fn = callbacks.shift()
    fn()
   })
  }
  timerFunc() // 执行timerFunc，返回到是一个Promise
 }
})()

simpleNextTick(() => {
 setTimeout(console.log, 3000, 'nextTick')
})

const simpleNextTick = (function () {
 return function queueNextTick (cb) {
  timerFunc = () => {
   return Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    cb()
   })
  }
  timerFunc()
 }
})()

simpleNextTick(() => {
 setTimeout(console.log, 3000, 'nextTick')
})

const simpleNextTick = function queueNextTick (cb) {
  timerFunc = () => {
   return Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    cb()
   })
  }
  timerFunc()
 }

simpleNextTick(() => {
 setTimeout(console.log, 3000, 'nextTick')
})

const simpleNextTick = function queueNextTick (cb) {
   return Promise.resolve().then(cb)
 }

simpleNextTick(() => {
 setTimeout(console.log, 3000, 'nextTick')
})

<div id="example">{{message}}</div>
var vm = new Vue({
 el: '#example',
 data: {
  message: '123'
 }
})
vm.message = 'new message' // 更改数据
vm.$el.textContent === 'new message' // false
Vue.nextTick(function () {
 vm.$el.textContent === 'new message' // true
})

const simpleNextTick = function queueNextTick (cb) {
   return Promise.resolve().then(cb)
 }

simpleNextTick(() => {
 setTimeout(console.log, 3000, 'nextTick') // 也可以换成ajax请求
})

function sleep (ms) {
 return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms) // 也可以换成ajax请求
}
async function oneTick (ms) {
 console.log('start')
 await sleep(ms)
 console.log('end')
}
oneTick(3000)

async function getData () {
  const data = await axios.get(url)
  // 操作data的数据来改变dom
  return data
}