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实现PHP+Mysql无限分类的方法汇总

  • 时间:2021-04-20 22:10 编辑: 来源: 阅读:
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摘要:实现PHP+Mysql无限分类的方法汇总
无限分类是个老话题了,来看看PHP结合Mysql如何实现。 [b]第一种方法[/b] 这种方法是很常见、很传统的一种,先看表结构 表:category id int 主键,自增 name varchar 分类名称 pid int 父类id,默认0 顶级分类的 pid 默认就是0了。当我们想取出某个分类的子分类树的时候,基本思路就是递归,当然,出于效率问题不建议每次递归都查询数据库,通常的做法是先讲所有分类取出来,保存到PHP数组里,再进行处理,最后还可以将结果缓存起来以提高下次请求的效率。 先来构建一个原始数组,这个直接从数据库中拉出来就行:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
$categories = array(     array('id'=>1,'name'=>'电脑','pid'=>0),     array('id'=>2,'name'=>'手机','pid'=>0),     array('id'=>3,'name'=>'笔记本','pid'=>1),     array('id'=>4,'name'=>'台式机','pid'=>1),     array('id'=>5,'name'=>'智能机','pid'=>2),     array('id'=>6,'name'=>'功能机','pid'=>2),     array('id'=>7,'name'=>'超级本','pid'=>3),     array('id'=>8,'name'=>'游戏本','pid'=>3), );
目标是将它转化为下面这种结构 电脑     笔记本         超级本         游戏本     台式机 手机     智能机     功能机 用数组来表示的话,可以增加一个 children 键来存储它的子分类:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
array(     //1对应id,方便直接读取     1 => array(         'id'=>1,         'name'=>'电脑',         'pid'=>0,         children=>array(             &array(                 'id'=>3,                 'name'=>'笔记本',                 'pid'=>1,                 'children'=>array(                     //此处省略                 )             ),             &array(                 'id'=>4,                 'name'=>'台式机',                 'pid'=>1,                 'children'=>array(                     //此处省略                 )             ),         )     ),     //其他分类省略 )
处理过程:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
$tree = array(); //第一步,将分类id作为数组key,并创建children单元 foreach($categories as $category){     $tree[$category['id']] = $category;     $tree[$category['id']]['children'] = array(); } //第二部,利用引用,将每个分类添加到父类children数组中,这样一次遍历即可形成树形结构。 foreach ($tree as $k=>$item) {     if ($item['pid'] != 0) {         $tree[$item['pid']]['children'][] = &$tree[$k];     } } print_r($tree);
打印结果如下:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
Array (     [1] => Array         (             [id] => 1             [name] => 电脑             [pid] => 0             [children] => Array                 (                     [0] => Array                         (                             [id] => 3                             [name] => 笔记本                             [pid] => 1                             [children] => Array                                 (                                     [0] => Array                                         (                                             [id] => 7                                             [name] => 超级本                                             [pid] => 3                                             [children] => Array                                                 (                                                 )                                         )                                     [1] => Array                                         (                                             [id] => 8                                             [name] => 游戏本                                             [pid] => 3                                             [children] => Array                                                 (                                                 )                                         )                                 )                         )                     [1] => Array                         (                             [id] => 4                             [name] => 台式机                             [pid] => 1                             [children] => Array                                 (                                 )                         )                 )         )     [2] => Array         (             [id] => 2             [name] => 手机             [pid] => 0             [children] => Array                 (                     [0] => Array                         (                             [id] => 5                             [name] => 智能机                             [pid] => 2                             [children] => Array                                 (                                 )                         )                     [1] => Array                         (                             [id] => 6                             [name] => 功能机                             [pid] => 2                             [children] => Array                                 (                                 )                         )                 )         )     [3] => Array         (             [id] => 3             [name] => 笔记本             [pid] => 1             [children] => Array                 (                     [0] => Array                         (                             [id] => 7                             [name] => 超级本                             [pid] => 3                             [children] => Array                                 (                                 )                         )                     [1] => Array                         (                             [id] => 8                             [name] => 游戏本                             [pid] => 3                             [children] => Array                                 (                                 )                         )                 )         )     [4] => Array         (             [id] => 4             [name] => 台式机             [pid] => 1             [children] => Array                 (                 )         )     [5] => Array         (             [id] => 5             [name] => 智能机             [pid] => 2             [children] => Array                 (                 )         )     [6] => Array         (             [id] => 6             [name] => 功能机             [pid] => 2             [children] => Array                 (                 )         )     [7] => Array         (             [id] => 7             [name] => 超级本             [pid] => 3             [children] => Array                 (                 )         )     [8] => Array         (             [id] => 8             [name] => 游戏本             [pid] => 3             [children] => Array                 (                 )         ) )
优点:关系清楚,修改上下级关系简单。 缺点:使用PHP处理,如果分类数量庞大,效率也会降低。 [b]第二种方法[/b] 这种方法是在表字段中增加一个path字段: 表:category id int 主键,自增 name varchar 分类名称 pid int 父类id,默认0 path varchar 路径 示例数据: id        name        pid        path 1         电脑        0          0 2         手机        0          0 3         笔记本      1          0-1 4         超级本      3          0-1-3 5         游戏本      3          0-1-3 path字段记录了从根分类到上一级父类的路径,用id+'-'表示。 这种方式,假设我们要查询电脑下的所有后代分类,只需要一条sql语句: select id,name,path from category where path like (select concat(path,'-',id,'%') as path from category where id=1); 结果: +----+-----------+-------+ | id | name      | path  | +----+-----------+-------+ | 3  | 笔记本 | 0-1   | | 4  | 超级本 | 0-1-3 | | 5  | 游戏本 | 0-1-3 | +----+-----------+-------+ 这种方式也被很多人所采纳,我总结了下: 优点:查询容易,效率高,path字段可以加索引。 缺点:更新节点关系麻烦,需要更新所有后辈的path字段。 以上就是本文的全部内容了,两种方式,你喜欢哪种?希望大家能够喜欢。
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