当前位置：首页 > 资讯 > 技术文档

MySQL表排序规则不同错误问题分析

时间：2020-02-08 00:28 编辑：来源：阅读：
扫一扫，手机访问

摘要：MySQL表排序规则不同错误问题分析

[url=http://www.1sucai.cn/list/list_112_1.htm]MySQL[/url]多表join时报错如下：[Err]1267 – Illegal mix of collations(utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8_unicode_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation ‘= 就是说两个表的排序规则（COLLATION）不同，无法完成比较。COLLATION是用在排序，大小比较上，一个字符集有一个或多种COLLATION，并且以_ci（大小写不敏感）、_cs（大小写敏感）或_bin（二进制）结束。在做比较时，应该确保两个表的字符排序相同。一般建表的时候不指定，可以走默认的，全是默认的就没什么问题了。下面来模拟一下各种场景，表结构如下（utf8默认排序规则为utf8_general_ci）：

mysql> show create table test.cs\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
    Table: cs
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `cs` (
 `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

查看表默认排序规则集

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where table_name='cs';
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_COLLATION |
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
| test     | cs     | utf8_general_ci |
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看列排序规则集

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| test     | cs     | id     | NULL      |
| test     | cs     | name    | utf8_general_ci |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从utf8升级为utf8mb4是不支持online ddl的，如下：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;
ERROR 1846 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported. Reason: Cannot change column type INPLACE. Try ALGORITHM=COPY.

从utf8.utf8_general_ci变更为utf8.utf8_unicode_ci是不支持online ddl的，如下：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;
ERROR 1846 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported. Reason: Cannot change column type INPLACE. Try ALGORITHM=COPY.

如果使用下面这种方式修改字符集，你会发现，只更改了表级的，没有更改列级的。

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci;      
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where table_name='cs';      
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_COLLATION |
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
| test     | cs     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| test     | cs     | id     | NULL      |
| test     | cs     | name    | utf8_general_ci |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

所以真正改字符集的时候别忘了加上CONVERT TO，如下：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| test     | cs     | id     | NULL      |
| test     | cs     | name    | utf8_unicode_ci |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

要仅仅改变一个表的默认字符集，应使用此语句：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs default CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_general_ci,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;         
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where table_name='cs';      
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_COLLATION |
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
| test     | cs     | utf8_general_ci |
+--------------+------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';  
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
| test     | cs     | id     | NULL      |
| test     | cs     | name    | utf8_unicode_ci |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以发现列字符集没有改变，并且只有新的列才会默认继承表的字符集（utf8.utf8_general_ci）。 [b]总结[/b] 以上就是本文关于MySQL表排序规则不同错误问题分析的全部内容，希望对大家有所帮助。感兴趣的朋友可以参阅：[url=http://www.1sucai.cn/article/125313.htm]几个比较重要的MySQL变量[/url]、[url=http://www.1sucai.cn/article/125317.htm]MySQL 声明变量及存储过程分析[/url]、[url=http://www.1sucai.cn/article/125627.htm]MySQL主库binlog(master-log)与从库relay-log关系代码详解[/url]、[url=http://www.1sucai.cn/article/124798.htm]MySQL prepare原理详解[/url]等，有什么问题可以随时留言，互相交流，共同进步。

全部评论(0)

上一篇：SQL SERVER中各类触发器的完整语法及参数说明
下一篇：MySQL中Order By多字段排序规则代码示例

资讯排行榜
更多>>