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Python2.5/2.6实用教程 入门基础篇

  • 时间:2020-09-25 09:25 编辑: 来源: 阅读:
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摘要:Python2.5/2.6实用教程 入门基础篇
起步走
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python a=2 b=3 c="test" c=a+b print "execution result: %i"%c
知识点 Python是动态语言,变量不须预先声明. 打印语句采用C风格 字符串和数字 但有趣的是,在javascript里我们会理想当然的将字符串和数字连接,因为是动态语言嘛.但在Python里有点诡异,如下:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python a=2 b="test" c=a+b
运行这行程序会出错,提示你字符串和数字不能连接,于是只好用内置函数进行转换
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python a=2 b="test" c=str(a)+b d="1111" e=a+int(d) #How to print multiply values print "c is %s,e is %i" % (c,e)
知识点: 用int和str函数将字符串和数字进行转换 打印以#开头,而不是习惯的// 打印多个参数的方式 国际化 写腻了英文注释,我们要用中文! #! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- print "上帝重返人间:马拉多纳出任阿根廷国家足球队主帅." 知识点: 加上字符集即可使用中文 列表 列表类似Javascript的数组,方便易用
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- #定义元组 word=['a','b','c','d','e','f','g'] #如何通过索引访问元组里的元素 a=word[2] print "a is: "+a b=word[1:3] print "b is: " print b # index 1 and 2 elements of word. c=word[:2] print "c is: " print c # index 0 and 1 elements of word. d=word[0:] print "d is: " print d # All elements of word. #元组可以合并 e=word[:2]+word[2:] print "e is: " print e # All elements of word. f=word[-1] print "f is: " print f # The last elements of word. g=word[-4:-2] print "g is: " print g # index 3 and 4 elements of word. h=word[-2:] print "h is: " print h # The last two elements. i=word[:-2] print "i is: " print i # Everything except the last two characters l=len(word) print "Length of word is: "+ str(l) print "Adds new element" word.append('h') print word #删除元素 del word[0] print word del word[1:3] print word
知识点: 列表长度是动态的,可任意添加删除元素. 用索引可以很方便访问元素,甚至返回一个子列表 更多方法请参考Python的文档 字典
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python x={'a':'aaa','b':'bbb','c':12} print x['a'] print x['b'] print x['c'] for key in x: print "Key is %s and value is %s",(key,x[key]) keys=x.items(); print keys[0] keys[0]='ddd' print keys[0]
知识点: 将他当Java的Map来用即可. 字符串 比起C/C++,Python处理字符串的方式实在太让人感动了.把字符串当列表来用吧.
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
word="abcdefg" a=word[2] print "a is: "+a b=word[1:3] print "b is: "+b # index 1 and 2 elements of word. c=word[:2] print "c is: "+c # index 0 and 1 elements of word. d=word[0:] print "d is: "+d # All elements of word. e=word[:2]+word[2:] print "e is: "+e # All elements of word. f=word[-1] print "f is: "+f # The last elements of word. g=word[-4:-2] print "g is: "+g # index 3 and 4 elements of word. h=word[-2:] print "h is: "+h # The last two elements. i=word[:-2] print "i is: "+i # Everything except the last two characters l=len(word) print "Length of word is: "+ str(l)
不过要注意Asc和Unicode字符串的区别:
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- s=raw_input("输入你的中文名,按回车继续"); print "你的名字是 : " +s; l=len(s) print "你中文名字的长度是:"+str(l); a=unicode(s,"utf8") l=len(a) print "对不起,刚才计算错误.我们应该用utf8来计算中文字符串的长度, \ 你名字的长度应该是:"+str(l);
知识点: 用unicode函数进行转码 条件和循环语句
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python x=int(raw_input("Please enter an integer:")) if x<0: x=0 print "Negative changed to zero" elif x==0: print "Zero" else: print "More" # Loops List a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate'] for x in a: print x, len(x)
知识点: 条件和循环语句 如何得到控制台输入 函数
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- def sum(a,b): return a+b func = sum r = func(5,6) print r # 提供默认值 def add(a,b=2): return a+b r=add(1) print r r=add(1,5) print r
一个好用的函数
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- # The range() function a =range(5,10) print a a = range(-2,-7) print a a = range(-7,-2) print a a = range(-2,-11,-3) # The 3rd parameter stands for step print a
知识点: Python 不用{}来控制程序结构,他强迫你用缩进来写程序,使代码清晰. 定义函数方便简单 方便好用的range函数 异常处理
[u]复制代码[/u] 代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/python s=raw_input("Input your age:") if s =="": raise Exception("Input must no be empty.") try: i=int(s) except ValueError: print "Could not convert data to an integer." except: print "Unknown exception!" else: # It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception print "You are %d" % i," years old" finally: # Clean up action print "Goodbye!"
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