>>> a, b, c, d = 20, 5.5, True, 4+3j
>>> print(type(a), type(b), type(c), type(d))
<class 'int'> <class 'float'> <class 'bool'> <class 'complex'>

>>> 5 + 4 # 加法
9
>>> 4.3 - 2 # 减法
2.3
>>> 3 * 7 # 乘法
21
>>> 2 / 4 # 除法，得到一个浮点数
0.5
>>> 2 // 4 # 除法，得到一个整数
0
>>> 17 % 3 # 取余 
2
>>> 2 ** 5 # 乘方
32

>>> s = 'Yes,he doesn\'t'
>>> print(s, type(s), len(s))
Yes,he doesn't <class 'str'> 14

>>> print('C:\some\name')
C:\some
ame
>>> print(r'C:\some\name')
C:\some\name

>>> print('str'+'ing', 'my'*3)
string mymymy

>>> word = 'Python'
>>> print(word[0], word[5])
P n
>>> print(word[-1], word[-6])
n P

>>> word = 'ilovepython'
>>> word[1:5]
'love'
>>> word[:]
'ilovepython'
>>> word[5:]
'python'
>>> word[-10:-6]
'love'

>>> a = ['him', 25, 100, 'her'] 
>>> print(a, type(a), len(a))
['him', 25, 100, 'her'] <class 'list'> 4

>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> a + [6, 7, 8]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> a[0] = 9
>>> a[2:5] = [13, 14, 15]
>>> a
[9, 2, 13, 14, 15, 6]
>>> a[2:5] = []  # 删除
>>> a
[9, 2, 6]

>>> a = (1991, 2014, 'physics', 'math')
>>> print(a, type(a), len(a))
(1991, 2014, 'physics', 'math') <class 'tuple'> 4

>>> tup = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
>>> print(tup[0], tup[1:5])
1 (2, 3, 4, 5)
>>> tup[0] = 11 # 修改元组元素的操作是非法的

tup1 = () # 空元组
tup2 = (20,) # 一个元素，需要在元素后添加逗号

>>> tup1, tup2 = (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)
>>> print(tup1+tup2)
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

>>> student = {'Tom', 'Jim', 'Mary', 'Tom', 'Jack', 'Rose'}
>>> print(student)  # 重复的元素被自动去掉
{'Jim', 'Jack', 'Mary', 'Tom', 'Rose'}
>>> 'Rose' in student # membership testing（成员测试）
True
>>> # set可以进行集合运算
... 
>>> a = set('abracadabra')
>>> b = set('alacazam')
>>> a
{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'r'}
>>> a - b   # a和b的差集
{'b', 'd', 'r'}
>>> a | b   # a和b的并集
{'l', 'm', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'z', 'r'}
>>> a & b   # a和b的交集
{'a', 'c'}
>>> a ^ b   # a和b中不同时存在的元素
{'l', 'm', 'b', 'd', 'z', 'r'}

>>> dic = {} # 创建空字典
>>> tel = {'Jack':1557, 'Tom':1320, 'Rose':1886}
>>> tel
{'Tom': 1320, 'Jack': 1557, 'Rose': 1886}
>>> tel['Jack']  # 主要的操作：通过key查询
1557
>>> del tel['Rose'] # 删除一个键值对
>>> tel['Mary'] = 4127 # 添加一个键值对
>>> tel
{'Tom': 1320, 'Jack': 1557, 'Mary': 4127}
>>> list(tel.keys()) # 返回所有key组成的list
['Tom', 'Jack', 'Mary']
>>> sorted(tel.keys()) # 按key排序
['Jack', 'Mary', 'Tom']
>>> 'Tom' in tel    # 成员测试
True
>>> 'Mary' not in tel # 成员测试
False

>>> dict([('sape', 4139), ('guido', 4127), ('jack', 4098)])
{'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127}

>>> {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}
{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}

>>> dict(sape=4139, guido=4127, jack=4098)
{'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127}