//重写“确定”（AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE），截取监听
dialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
      @Override
      public void onClick(View view) {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE)", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        //这里可以控制是否让对话框消失
        dialog.dismiss();
      }
    });

package com.github.azhansy.dialognotdismissdemo;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  }
  //这里随便在主布局加个监听事件即可
  public void onClickText(View vv){
    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    builder.setTitle("对话框标题");
    View view = View.inflate(this, R.layout.dialog_input_link, null);
    final EditText linkEdt = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.edt_input_link);
    ImageView clearIv = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_clear_link);
    builder.setView(view);
    clearIv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
      @Override
      public void onClick(View view) {
        linkEdt.getText().clear();
      }
    });
    builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
      @Override
      public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"确定", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
      }
    });
    builder.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
      @Override
      public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"取消", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
      }
    });
    final AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();
    dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
    dialog.show();
    //重写“确定”，截取监听
    dialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
      @Override
      public void onClick(View view) {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE)", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        //这里可以控制是否让对话框消失
        dialog.dismiss();
      }
    });
  }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical"
  android:paddingLeft="10dp"
  android:paddingRight="10dp">
  <RelativeLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <EditText
      android:id="@+id/edt_input_link"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="48dp"
      android:gravity="center_vertical"
      android:maxLines="1"
      android:paddingRight="30dp"
      android:textSize="16sp"
      tools:text="fhafafa"/>
    <ImageView
      android:id="@+id/iv_clear_link"
      android:layout_width="30dp"
      android:layout_height="30dp"
      android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
      android:layout_centerInParent="true"
      android:scaleType="center"
      android:src="@drawable/ic_clear"/>
  </RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>