context.getResources().getColor(R.color.some_color_resource_id);

ContextCompat.getColor(context, R.color.some_color_resource_id);

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
 return context.getResources().getColor(id, context.getTheme());
} else {
 return context.getResources().getColor(id);
}

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
  <item android:color="?attr/colorAccent" android:state_enabled="false"/>
  <item android:color="?attr/colorPrimary"/>
</selector>

ColorStateList csl = context.getResources().getColorStateList(R.color.button_text_csl);

W/Resources: ColorStateList color/button_text_csl has unresolved theme attributes!
       Consider using Resources.getColorStateList(int, Theme)
       or Context.getColorStateList(int)
    at android.content.res.Resources.getColorStateList(Resources.java:1011)
    ...

ColorStateList csl = AppCompatResources.getColorStateList(context, R.color.button_text_csl);

<vector 
  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:width="24dp"
  android:height="24dp"
  android:viewportWidth="24.0"
  android:viewportHeight="24.0"
  android:tint="?attr/colorControlNormal">
 
  <path
    android:pathData="..."
    android:fillColor="@android:color/white"/>
</vector>

<!-- res/colors/button_text_csl.xml -->
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
  <item android:color="?attr/colorAccent" android:state_enabled="false"/>
  <item android:color="?attr/colorPrimary"/>
</selector>

<!-- res/values/themes.xml -->
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
  <item name="colorPrimary">@color/vanillared500</item>
  <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/vanillared700</item>
  <item name="colorAccent">@color/googgreen500</item>
</style>
 
<style name="CustomButtonTheme" parent="ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light">
  <item name="colorPrimary">@color/brown500</item>
  <item name="colorAccent">@color/yellow900</item>
</style>

@ColorInt
private static int getThemeAttrColor(Context context, @AttrRes int colorAttr) {
 TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(null, new int[]{colorAttr});
 try {
  return array.getColor(0, 0);
 } finally {
  array.recycle();
 }
}
 
private static ColorStateList createColorStateList(Context context) {
 return new ColorStateList(
   new int[][]{
     new int[]{-android.R.attr.state_enabled}, // Disabled state.
     StateSet.WILD_CARD,            // Enabled state.
   },
   new int[]{
     getThemeAttrColor(context, R.attr.colorAccent), // Disabled state.
     getThemeAttrColor(context, R.attr.colorPrimary), // Enabled state.
   });
}

Resources res = ctx.getResources();
 
// (1)
int deprecatedTextColor = res.getColor(R.color.button_text_csl);
button1.setTextColor(deprecatedTextColor);
 
// (2)
ColorStateList deprecatedTextCsl = res.getColorStateList(R.color.button_text_csl);
button2.setTextColor(deprecatedTextCsl);
 
// (3)
int textColorXml = 
  AppCompatResources.getColorStateList(ctx, R.color.button_text_csl).getDefaultColor();
button3.setTextColor(textColorXml);
 
// (4)
ColorStateList textCslXml = AppCompatResources.getColorStateList(ctx, R.color.button_text_csl);
button4.setTextColor(textCslXml);
 
// (5)
Context themedCtx = button5.getContext();
ColorStateList textCslXmlWithCustomTheme =
  AppCompatResources.getColorStateList(themedCtx, R.color.button_text_csl);
button5.setTextColor(textCslXmlWithCustomTheme);
 
// (6)
int textColorJava = getThemeAttrColor(ctx, R.attr.colorPrimary);
button6.setTextColor(textColorJava);
 
// (7)
ColorStateList textCslJava = createColorStateList(ctx);
button7.setTextColor(textCslJava);
 
// (8)
Context themedCtx = button8.getContext();
ColorStateList textCslJavaWithCustomTheme = createColorStateList(themedCtx);
button8.setTextColor(textCslJavaWithCustomTheme);