class Student {
 private String name;
 private int num;

 public Student(String name, int num) {
  this.name = name;
  this.num = num;
 }

 public String getName() {
  return name;
 }

 public void setName(String name) {
  this.name = name;
 }

 public int getNum() {
  return num;
 }

 public void setNum(int num) {
  this.num = num;
 }
}

class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
  private ArrayList<Student> data;

  ArrayList<Student> getData() {
   return data;
  }

  void setData(ArrayList<Student> data) {
   this.data = new ArrayList<>(data);
  }

  @Override
  public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
   View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(RecyclerViewActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.itemview, null);
   return new MyViewHolder(itemView);
  }

  @Override
  public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
   MyViewHolder myViewHolder = (MyViewHolder) holder;
   Student student = data.get(position);
   myViewHolder.tv.setText(student.getNum() + "." + student.getName());
  }

  @Override
  public int getItemCount() {
   return data.size();
  }

  class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
   TextView tv;

   MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
    super(itemView);
    tv = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_tv);
   }
  }
 }

private void initData() {
  students = new ArrayList<>();
  Student s1 = new Student("John", 1);
  Student s2 = new Student("Curry", 2);
  Student s3 = new Student("Rose", 3);
  Student s4 = new Student("Dante", 4);
  Student s5 = new Student("Lunar", 5);
  students.add(s1);
  students.add(s2);
  students.add(s3);
  students.add(s4);
  students.add(s5);
 }

@Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_recycler_view);
  initData();
  recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rv);
  recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
  adapter = new MyAdapter();
  adapter.setData(students);
  recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
 }

class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
  private ArrayList<Student> data;

  ArrayList<Student> getData() {
   return data;
  }

  void setData(ArrayList<Student> data) {
   this.data = new ArrayList<>(data);
  }

  // 省略部分代码
   ...... 
 }

public void change(View view) {
  students.set(1, new Student("Fndroid", 2));
  students.add(new Student("Jason", 8));
  Student s2 = students.get(2);
  students.remove(2);
  students.add(s2);

  ArrayList<Student> old_students = adapter.getData();
  DiffUtil.DiffResult result = DiffUtil.calculateDiff(new MyCallback(old_students, students), true);
  adapter.setData(students);
  result.dispatchUpdatesTo(adapter);
 }

private class MyCallback extends DiffUtil.Callback {
  private ArrayList<Student> old_students, new_students;

  MyCallback(ArrayList<Student> data, ArrayList<Student> students) {
   this.old_students = data;
   this.new_students = students;
  }

  @Override
  public int getOldListSize() {
   return old_students.size();
  }

  @Override
  public int getNewListSize() {
   return new_students.size();
  }

  // 判断Item是否已经存在
  @Override
  public boolean areItemsTheSame(int oldItemPosition, int newItemPosition) {
   return old_students.get(oldItemPosition).getNum() == new_students.get(newItemPosition).getNum();
  }

  // 如果Item已经存在则会调用此方法，判断Item的内容是否一致
  @Override
  public boolean areContentsTheSame(int oldItemPosition, int newItemPosition) {
   return old_students.get(oldItemPosition).getName().equals(new_students.get(newItemPosition).getName());
  }
 }

@Nullable
  @Override
  public Object getChangePayload(int oldItemPosition, int newItemPosition) {
   Student newStudent = newStudents.get(newItemPosition);
   Bundle diffBundle = new Bundle();
   diffBundle.putString(NAME_KEY, newStudent.getName());
   return diffBundle;
  }

   @Override
   public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position, List payloads) {}

@Override
  public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position, List payloads) {
   if (payloads.isEmpty()) {
    onBindViewHolder(holder, position);
   } else {
    MyViewHolder myViewHolder = (MyViewHolder) holder;
    Bundle bundle = (Bundle) payloads.get(0);
    if (bundle.getString(NAME_KEY) != null) {
     myViewHolder.name.setText(bundle.getString(NAME_KEY));
     myViewHolder.name.setTextColor(Color.BLUE);
    }
   }
  }