groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
mkdir -p /u01/oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /u01/oracle oracle
（这里不是一定要把home目录更改到/u01/oracle，默认也可。）
把下面三个文件复制到 /u01/oracle目录下
[root@oracle /]# cd /etc/skel/
[root@oracle skel]# ll -a
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 7月 18 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 7月 18 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 7月 18 2013 .bashrc
注：useradd添加用户时，会自动从这个目录下的文件复制到用户的家目录
password oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01/

yum -y install tigervnc-server
vncserver 回车
输入密码
ps -ef | grep vnc
vnc客户端连接：ip:1

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 -
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 -
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 -
gcc-4.1.2 -
gcc-c++-4.1.2 -
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214 -
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 -
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 -
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2 
unixODBC-2.2.11 -
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 -

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

oracle   soft nproc 2047
oracle   hard nproc 16384
oracle   soft nofile 1024
oracle   hard nofile 65536

session required  pam_limits.so

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
  else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01 
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=hxw168 
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

[root@oracle /]# xdpyinfo | grep "name of display"
name of display: :1.0
[root@oracle /]# 
在Oracle用户下执行命令：
export DISPLAY=:1.0 （上面name of display:后面的 :1.0）

host文件 ip与名称对应
192.168.198.188 oracle

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
#LISTENER =
# (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
# (DESCRIPTION =
#  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
#  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))
# )
# )
hxw168 =
 (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
 (DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))
 )
 )
 SID_LIST_hxw168=
 (SID_LIST =
 (SID_DESC=
  (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/product/12.1.0/db_1)
  (SID_NAME = hxw168)
 )
 )

[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/init.d/oracle 
su - oracle <<EOF
lsnrctl start
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup
EOF