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CISCO 技术集合四

  • 时间:2021-04-01 21:12 编辑: 来源: 阅读:
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摘要:CISCO 技术集合四
五、ISDN   1. 综合数字业务网(ISDN) 综合数字业务网(ISDN)由数字电话和数据传输服务两部分组成,一般由电话局提供这种服务。ISDN的基本速率接口(BRI)服务提供2个B信道和1个D信道(2B+D)。BRI的B信道速率为64Kbps,用于传输用户数据。D信道的速率为16Kbps,主要传输控制信号。在北美和日本,ISDN的主速率接口(PRI)提供23个B信道和1个D信道,总速率可达1.544Mbps,其中D信道速率为64Kbps。而在欧洲、澳大利亚等国家,ISDN的PRI提供30个B信道和1个64Kbps D信道,总速率可达2.048Mbps。我国电话局所提供ISDN PRI为30B+D。 2. 基本命令 任务 命令 设置ISDN交换类型 isdn switch-type switch-type1 接口设置 interface bri 0 设置PPP封装 encapsulation ppp 设置协议地址与电话号码的映射 dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname] [broadcast] [dial-string] 启动PPP多连接 ppp multilink 设置启动另一个B通道的阈值 dialer load-threshold load 显示ISDN有关信息 show isdn {active | history | memory | services | status [dsl | interface-type number] | timers} 注:1.交换机类型如下表,国内交换机一般为basic-net3。 按区域分关键字 交换机类型 Australia basic-ts013 Australian TS013 switches Europe basic-1tr6 German 1TR6 ISDN switches basic-nwnet3 Norway NET3 switches (phase 1) basic-net3 NET3 ISDN switches (UK, Denmark, and other nations); covers the Euro-ISDN E-DSS1 signalling system primary-net5 NET5 switches (UK and Europe) vn2 French VN2 ISDN switches vn3 French VN3 ISDN switches Japan ntt Japanese NTT ISDN switches primary-ntt Japanese ISDN PRI switches North America basic-5ess AT&T basic rate switches basic-dms100 NT DMS-100 basic rate switches basic-ni1 National ISDN-1 switches primary-4ess AT&T 4ESS switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only) primary-5ess AT&T 5ESS switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only) primary-dms100 NT DMS-100 switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only) New Zealand basic-nznet3 New Zealand Net3 switches 3. ISDN实现DDR(dial-on-demand routing)实例: 设置如下: Router1: hostname router1 user router2 password cisco ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface bri 0 ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 572 dialer load-threshold 80 ppp multilink dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! Router2: hostname router2 user router1 password cisco ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface bri 0 ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571 dialer load-threshold 80 ppp multilink dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! Cisco路由器同时支持回拨功能,我们将路由器Router1作为Callback Server,Router2作为Callback Client。 与回拨相关命令: 任务 命令 映射协议地址和电话号码,并在接口上使用在全局模式下定义的PPP回拨的映射类别。 dialer map protocol address name hostname class classname dial-string 设置接口支持PPP回拨 ppp callback accept 在全局模式下为PPP回拨设置映射类别 map-class dialer classname 通过查找注册在dialer map里的主机名来决定回拨. dialer callback-server [username] 设置接口要求PPP回拨 ppp callback request 设置如下: Router1: hostname router1 user router2 password cisco ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface bri 0 ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 class s3 572 dialer load-threshold 80 ppp callback accept ppp multilink dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ! map-class dialer s3 dialer callback-server username dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! Router2: hostname router2 user router1 password cisco ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface bri 0 ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571 dialer load-threshold 80 ppp callback request ppp multilink dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! 相关调试命令: debug dialer debug isdn event debug isdn q921 debug isdn q931 debug ppp authentication debug ppp error debug ppp negotiation debug ppp packet show dialer show isdn status 举例:执行debug dialer命令观察router2呼叫router1,router1回拨router2的过程. router1#debug dialer router2#ping 192.200.10.1 router1# 00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 00:03:50: BRI0:1PP callback Callback server starting to router2 572 00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call 00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down 00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call 00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call 00:03:51: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to up 00:03:52: callback to router2 already started 00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call 00:03:52: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down 00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call 00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call 00:04:05: : Callback timer expired 00:04:05: BRI0:beginning callback to router2 572 00:04:05: BRI0: Attempting to dial 572 00:04:05: Freeing callback to router2 572 00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 00:04:05: BRI0:1: No callback negotiated 00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up 00:04:05: dialer Protocol up for Vi1 00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, chang ed state to up 00:04:11: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 572 #router1 4. ISDN访问首都在线263网实例: 本地局部网地址为10.0.0.0/24,属于保留地址,通过NAT地址翻译功能,局域网用户可以通过ISDN上263网访问Internet。263的ISDN电话号码为2633,用户为263,口令为263,所涉及的命令如下表: 任务 命令 指定接口通过PPP/IPCP地址协商获得IP地址 ip address negotiated 指定内部和外部端口 ip nat {inside | outside} 使用ppp/pap作认证 ppp authentication pap callin 指定接口属于拨号组1 dialer-group 1 定义拨号组1允许所有IP协议 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 设定拨号,号码为2633 dialer string 2633 设定登录263的用户名和口令 ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263 设定默认路由 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0 设定符合访问列表2的所有源地址被翻译为bri 0所拥有的地址 ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload 设定访问列表2,允许所有协议 access-list 2 permit any 具体配置如下: hostname Cisco2503 ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup ip routing ! interface Ethernet 0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside no shutdown ! interface Serial 0 shutdown no description no ip address ! interface Serial 1 shutdown no description no ip address ! interface bri 0 ip address negotiated ip nat outside encapsulation ppp ppp authentication pap callin ppp multilink dialer-group 1 dialer hold-queue 10 dialer string 2633 dialer idle-timeout 120 ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263 no cdp enable no ip split-horizon no shutdown ! ip classless ! ! Static Routes ! ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0 ! ! Access Control List 2 ! access-list 2 permit any ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! ! Dynamic NAT ! ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload snmp-server community public ro ! line console 0 exec-timeout 0 0 ! line vty 0 4 ! end 5. Cisco765M通过ISDN拨号上263 由于Cisco765的设置命令与我们常用的Cisco路由器的命令不同,所以以下列举了通过Cisco765上263访问Internet的具体命令行设置步骤。 >set system c765 c765> set multidestination on c765> set switch net3 c765> set ppp multilink on c765> cd lan c765:LAN> set ip routing on c765:LAN> set ip address 10.0.0.1 c765:LAN> set ip netmask 255.0.0.0 c765:LAN> set briding off c765:LAN>cd c765> set user remotenet New user remotenet being created c765:remotenet> set ip routing on c765:remotenet> set bridging off c765:remotenet> set ip framing none c765:remotenet> set ppp clientname 263 c765:remotenet> set ppp password client Enter new Password: 263 Re-Type new Password: 263 c765:remotenet> set ppp authentication out none c765:remotenet> set ip address 0.0.0.0 c765:remotenet> set ip netmask 0.0.0.0 c765:remotenet> set ppp address negotiation local on c765:remotenet> set ip pat on c765:remotenet> set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0 c765:remotenet> set number 2633 c765:remotenet> set active 命令描述如下: 任务 命令 设置路由器系统名称 set system c765 允许路由器呼叫多个目的地 set multidestination on 设置ISDN交换机类型为NET3 set switch net3 允许点到点间多条通道连接实现负载均衡 set ppp multilink on 关掉桥接 set briding off 建立用户预制文件用于设置拨号连接参数- 可以设置多个用户预制文件用于相同的物理端口对应于不同的连接。 set user remotenet 使用PPP/IPCP set ip framing none 设置上网用户帐号 set ppp clientname 263 设置上网口令 set ppp password client Enter new Password: 263 Re-Type new Password: 263 允许地址磋商 set ppp address negotiation local on 设置地址翻译 set ip pat on 设置默认路由 set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0 设置ISP的电话号码 set number 2633 激活用户预制文件 set active   返回目录   六、PSTN   电话网络(PSTN)是目前普及程度最高、成本最低的公用通讯网络,它在网络互连中也有广泛的应用。电话网络的应用一般可分为两种类型,一种是同等级别机构之间以按需拨号(DDR)的方式实现互连,一种是ISP为拨号上网为用户提供的远程访问服务的功能。 1. 远程访问 1.1.Access Server基本设置: 选用Cisco2511作为访问服务器,采用IP地址池动态分配地址.远程工作站使用WIN95拨号网络实现连接。 全局设置: 任务 命令 设置用户名和密码 username username password password 设置用户的IP地址池 ip local pool {default | pool-name low-ip-address [high-ip-address]} 指定地址池的工作方式 ip address-pool [dhcp-proxy-client | local] 基本接口设置命令: 任务 命令 设置封装形式为PPP encapsulation ppp 启动异步口的路由功能 async default routing 设置异步口的PPP工作方式 async mode {dedicated | interactive} 设置用户的IP地址 peer default ip address {ip-address | dhcp | pool [pool-name]} 设置IP地址与Ethernet0相同 ip unnumbered ethernet0 line拨号线设置: 任务 命令 设置modem的工作方式 modem {inout|dialin} 自动配置modem类型 modem autoconfig discovery 设置拨号线的通讯速率 speed speed 设置通讯线路的流控方式 flowcontrol {none | software [lock] [in | out] | hardware [in | out]} 连通后自动执行命令 autocommand command 访问服务器设置如下: Router: hostname Router enable secret 5 $1$EFqU$tYLJLrynNUKzE4bx6fmH// ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0 ! interface Async1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 encapsulation ppp keepalive 10 async mode interactive peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142 ! ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36 ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 password cisco ! line 1 16 modem InOut modem autoconfigure discovery flowcontrol hardware ! line aux 0 transport input all line vty 0 4 password cisco ! end 相关调试命令: show interface show line 1.2. Access Server通过Tacacs服务器实现安全认证: 使用一台WINDOWS NT服务器作为Tacacs服务器,地址为10.111.4.2,运行Cisco2511随机带的Easy ACS 1.0软件实现用户认证功能. 相关设置: 任务 命令 激活AAA访问控制 aaa new-model 用户登录时默认起用Tacacs+做AAA认证 aaa authentication login default tacacs+ 列表名为no_tacacs使用ENABLE口令做认证 aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable 在运行PPP的串行线上采用Tacacs+做认证 aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+ 由TACACS+服务器授权运行EXEC aaa authorization exec tacacs+ 由TACACS+服务器授权与网络相关的服务请求。 aaa authorization network tacacs+ 为EXEC会话运行记帐.进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+ 为与网络相关的服务需求运行记帐包括SLIP,PPP,PPP NCPs,ARAP等.在进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+ 指定Tacacs服务器地址 tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2 在Tacacs+服务器和访问服务器设定共享的关键字,访问服务器和Tacacs+服务器使用这个关键字去加密口令和响应信息。这里使用tac作为关键字。 tacacs-server key tac 访问服务器设置如下: hostname router ! aaa new-model aaa authentication login default tacacs+ aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+ aaa authorization exec tacacs+ aaa authorization network tacacs+ aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+ aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+ enable secret 5 $1$kN4g$CvS4d2.rJzWntCnn/0hvE0 ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0 no ip address shutdown interface Serial1 no ip address shutdown ! interface Group-Async1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 encapsulation ppp async mode interactive peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142 no cdp enable group-range 1 16 ! ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36 tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2 tacacs-server key tac ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 password cisco login authentication no_tacacs line 1 16 login authentication tacacs modem InOut modem autoconfigure type usr_courier autocommand ppp transport input all stopbits 1 rxspeed 115200 txspeed 115200 flowcontrol hardware line aux 0 transport input all line vty 0 4 password cisco ! end 2. DDR(dial-on-demand routing)实例 此例通过Cisco 2500系列路由器的aux端口实现异步拨号DDR连接。Router1拨号连接到Router2。其中采用PPP/CHAP做安全认证,在Router1中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router2。同时在Router2中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router1。所建的这两用户的password必须相同。 相关命令如下: 任务 命令 设置路由器与modem的接口指令 chat-script script-name EXPECT SEND EXPECT SEND (etc.) 设置端口在挂断前的等待时间 dialer idle-timeout seconds 设置协议地址与电话号码的映射 dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname] [broadcast] [modem-script modem-regexp] [system-script system-regexp] [dial-string] 设置电话号码 dialer string dial-string 指定在特定线路下路由器默认 使用的chat-script script {dialer|reset} script-name Router1: hostname Router1 ! enable secret 5 $1$QKI7$wXjpFqC74vDAyKBUMallw/ ! username Router2 password cisco chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Async1 ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp async default routing async mode dedicated dialer in-band dialer idle-timeout 60 dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name Router2 modem-script cisco-default 573 dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ! ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.2 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! line con 0 line aux 0 modem InOut modem autoconfigure discovery flowcontrol hardware Router2: hostname Router2 ! enable secret 5 $1$F6EV$5U8puzNt2/o9g.t56PXHo. ! username Router1 password cisco ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Async1 ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp async default routing async mode dedicated dialer in-band dialer idle-timeout 60 dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name Router1 dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ! ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.1 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! line con 0 line aux 0 modem InOut modem autoconfigure discovery flowcontrol hardware ! 相关调试命令: debug dialer debug ppp authentication debug ppp error debug ppp negotiation debug ppp packet show dialer 文章录入:csh    责任编辑:csh 
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