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基于Oracle闪回详解(必看篇)

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摘要：基于Oracle闪回详解(必看篇)

Oracle 9i 开始支持闪回，Oracle10g开始全面支持闪回功能，Oracle11g有所完善，为大家快速的恢复数据，查询历史数据提供了很大的便捷方法。本文主要对Oracle常用闪回使用做些详细介绍，其中对于不常用的事务和版本闪回，这里就不做介绍 [b]一、Oracle闪回概述[/b]

闪回级别	闪回场景	闪回技术	对象依赖	影响数据
数据库	表截断、逻辑错误、其他多表意外事件	闪回DATABASE	闪回日志、undo	是
DROP	删除表	闪回DROP	回收站(recyclebin)	是
表	更新、删除、插入记录	闪回TABLE	还原数据,undo	是
查询	当前数据和历史数据对比	闪回QUERY	还原数据,undo	否
版本查询	比较行版本	闪回Version Query	还原数据,undo	否
事务查询	比较	闪回Transaction Query	还原数据,undo	否
归档	DDL、DML	闪回Archive	归档日志	是

[b]二、Oracle闪回使用详解[/b] [b]1、闪回开启[/b] [b](1)开启闪回必要条件[/b] a.开启归档日志

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/U01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/arch
Oldest online log sequence 844
Next log sequence to archive 846
Current log sequence 846

##如未开启，在mount状态执行alter database archivelog;

b.设置合理的闪回区 db_recovery_file_dest：指定闪回恢复区的位置 db_recovery_file_dest_size：指定闪回恢复区的可用空间大小 db_flashback_retention_target：指定数据库可以回退的时间，单位为分钟，默认1440分钟(1天),实际取决于闪回区大小 [b](2)检查是否开启闪回[/b]

SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
NO

[b](3)开启闪回[/b] a.开启归档

mount状态：alter database archivelog;

b.设置闪回区

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/U01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=60G scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_flashback_retention_target=4320 scope=both;
System altered.

c.开启flashback (10g在mount开启)

SQL> alter database flashback on;
Database altered.

[b](4)确定闪回开启[/b]

SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
YES

[b](5)关闭闪回[/b]

SQL> alter database flashback off;
Database altered.

[b]2、闪回使用[/b] [b](1)闪回查询[/b] 闪回查询主要是根据Undo表空间数据进行多版本查询，针对v$和x$动态性能视图无效，但对DBA_、ALL_、USER_是有效的 a.闪回查询允许用户查询过去某个时间点的数据，用以重构由于意外删除或更改的数据，数据不会变化。

SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> delete from scott.dept where deptno=40;
row deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp sysdate-10/1440;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');

DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON

SQL> select * from scott.dept as of scn 16801523;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON

b.闪回版本查询用于查询行级数据库随时间变化的方法 c.闪回事务查询用于提供查看事务级别数据库变化的方法 [b](2)闪回表(update/insert/delete)[/b] 闪回表就是对表的数据做回退，回退到之前的某个时间点，其利用的是undo的历史数据，与undo_retention设置有关，默认是14400分钟（1天）同样，sys用户表空间不支持闪回表,要想表闪回，需要允许表启动行迁移(row movement) 闪回表示例：

SQL> flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08189: cannot flashback the table because row movement is not enabled

SQL> select row_movement from dba_tables where table_name='DEPT' and owner='SCOTT';
ROW_MOVE
--------
DISABLED
SQL> alter table scott.dept enable row movement;
Table altered.

SQL> flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
Flashback complete.
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON  
SQL> alter table scott.dept disable row movement;
Table altered.

[b](3)闪回DROP(drop table)[/b] 当一个表被drop掉，表会被放入recyclebin回收站，可通过回收站做表的闪回。表上的索引、约束等同样会被恢复不支持sys/system用户表空间对象，可通过alter system set recyclebin=off;关闭回收站功能闪回DROP示例：

SQL> select * from t ;

ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------
2
4

SQL> drop table t;

Table dropped.

SQL> show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T BIN$YEh2QcvZdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:02:06
SQL> flashback table t to before drop;

Flashback complete.

SQL> select * from t;

ID NAME
---------- -------------------------------------
2
4

备注：即使不开始flashback，只要开启了recyclebin，那么就可以闪回DROP表。但如果连续覆盖，就需要指定恢复的表名，如果已经存在表，则需要恢复重命名。

SQL> show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54
T BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:27
SQL> flashback table "BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0" to before drop ;
Flashback complete.
SQL> show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54
SQL> flashback table t to before drop rename to tt;
Flashback complete.

[b](4)闪回数据库(truncate/多表数据变更)[/b] 数据库闪回必须在mounted状态下进行，基于快照的可以再open下进行闪回库闪回数据库主要是将数据库还原值过去的某个时间点或SCN，用于数据库出现逻辑错误时，需要open database resetlogs a.全库闪回数据库闪回示例

SQL> select * from scott.EMP;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
rows selected.

SQL> truncate table scott.EMP;

Table truncated.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2263936 bytes
Variable Size 9395242112 bytes
Database Buffers 8.4557E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:12:46','yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS');

Flashback complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from scott.emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
rows selected.

b.快照闪回针对主库和备库都可以创建闪回快照点，然后恢复到指定的快照点，但主库一旦恢复到快照点，备库的同步则需要重新同步

SQL> select * from scott.dept;

  DEPTNO DNAME     LOC      ADDR
---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------
ACCOUNTING   NEW YORK
RESEARCH    DALLAS
SALES     CHICAGO
    
SQL> create restore point before_201712151111 guarantee flashback database;
Restore point created.

SQL> create table scott.t as select * from scott.dept;
Table created.

SQL> truncate table scott.t;
Table truncated.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size         2263936 bytes
Variable Size      9663677568 bytes
Database Buffers     8.4289E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers       112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> flashback database to restore point before_201712151111;
Flashback complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.

此时主库scott.t已不存在：
SQL> select * from scott.t;
select * from scott.t
          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
此时从库的scott.依旧存在，主备同步终止
解决方案：在主库创建快照时间点，从库自动停止应用日志，等主库闪回后，重新应用日志即可。
如果已经做了上述操作，从库可以选择重建
ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/xx/xx/archive.dbf';

c.闪回snapshot standby 此功能在11GR2非常实用，可自动创建闪回点、开启闪回日志，可完成线上数据测试后，然后做数据库闪回恢复主备关系

select scn, STORAGE_SIZE ,to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') time,NAME from v$restore_point;
select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;

SQL> set line 200;
SQL> set pagesize 2000;
SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE  OPEN_MODE      DB_UNIQUE_NAME         FLASHBACK_ON
---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY      testdbms            NO


SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY; 

Database altered.

SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE  OPEN_MODE      DB_UNIQUE_NAME         FLASHBACK_ON
---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
SNAPSHOT STANDBY MOUNTED       testdbms            RESTORE POINT ONLY

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE


此时备库操作：
SQL> select * from scott.emp;

   EMPNO ENAME   JOB       MGR HIREDATE          SAL    COMM   DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH   CLERK      7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00    800          20
ALLEN   SALESMAN    7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00    1600    300     30
WARD    SALESMAN    7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00    1250    500     30
JONES   MANAGER     7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00    2975          20
MARTIN   SALESMAN    7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00    1250    1400     30
BLAKE   MANAGER     7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00    2850          30
CLARK   MANAGER     7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00    2450          10
SCOTT   ANALYST     7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00    3000          20
KING    PRESIDENT      1981-11-17 00:00:00    5000          10
TURNER   SALESMAN    7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00    1500     0     30
ADAMS   CLERK      7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00    1100          20
JAMES   CLERK      7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00    950          30
FORD    ANALYST     7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00    3000          20
MILLER   CLERK      7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00    1300          10
rows selected.

SQL> truncate table scott.emp;

Table truncated.

主库操作：
SQL> create table scott.t as select * from scott.dept;

Table created.

SQL> select * from scott.t;

  DEPTNO DNAME     LOC      ADDR
---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------
ACCOUNTING   NEW YORK
RESEARCH    DALLAS
SALES     CHICAGO

备库恢复到物理standby
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size         2263936 bytes
Variable Size      9663677568 bytes
Database Buffers     8.4289E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers       112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY; 

Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted


ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup ;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size         2263936 bytes
Variable Size      9663677568 bytes
Database Buffers     8.4289E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers       112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

##此时备库的数据已经恢复到转变snapshot standby时间点
SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE  OPEN_MODE      DB_UNIQUE_NAME         FLASHBACK_ON
---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY      testdbms            NO

SQL> select * from scott.emp;

   EMPNO ENAME   JOB       MGR HIREDATE          SAL    COMM   DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH   CLERK      7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00    800          20
ALLEN   SALESMAN    7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00    1600    300     30
WARD    SALESMAN    7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00    1250    500     30
JONES   MANAGER     7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00    2975          20
MARTIN   SALESMAN    7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00    1250    1400     30
BLAKE   MANAGER     7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00    2850          30
CLARK   MANAGER     7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00    2450          10
SCOTT   ANALYST     7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00    3000          20
KING    PRESIDENT      1981-11-17 00:00:00    5000          10
TURNER   SALESMAN    7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00    1500     0     30
ADAMS   CLERK      7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00    1100          20
JAMES   CLERK      7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00    950          30
FORD    ANALYST     7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00    3000          20
MILLER   CLERK      7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00    1300          10
rows selected.


SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from scott.t;

  DEPTNO DNAME     LOC      ADDR
---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------
ACCOUNTING   NEW YORK
RESEARCH    DALLAS
SALES     CHICAGO

    
SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE  OPEN_MODE      DB_UNIQUE_NAME         FLASHBACK_ON
---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY testdbms            NO

[b](5)闪回归档(增加、修改、重命名、删除表的列、truncate表、修改表的约束、以及修改分区表的分区规范)[/b] [b]3、闪回注意事项[/b] (1)数据库闪回需要在mounted下进行，并且open时需要使用resetlogs (2)闪回DROP只能用于非系统表空间和本地管理的表空间，外键约束无法恢复，对方覆盖、重命名需注意 (3)表DROP，对应的物化视图会被彻底删除，物化视图不会存放在recyclebin里 (4)闪回表，如果在做过dml，然后进行了表结构修改、truncate等DDL操作，新增/删除结构无法做闪回 (5)闪回归档，必须在assm管理tablespace和undo auto管理下进行 (6)注意闪回区管理，防止磁盘爆满，闪回区空间不足等 (7)主库做库的闪回，会影响备库，需要重新同步 (8)snapshot standby 不支持最高保护模式 [b]三、备注[/b] [b]1、相关数据字典[/b] V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG ##查看数据库可闪回的时间点/SCN等信息 V$flashback_database_stat ##查看闪回日志空间记录信息 [b]2、常用查询语句[/b] [b](1)查看数据库状态[/b]

SQL> select NAME,OPEN_MODE ,DATABASE_ROLE,CURRENT_SCN,FLASHBACK_ON from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE CURRENT_SCN FLASHBACK_ON
------------- -------------------- ---------------- ----------- ------------------
TESTDB READ WRITE PRIMARY 16812246 YES

[b](2)获取当前数据库的系统时间和SCN[/b]

SQL> select to_char(systimestamp,'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS') as sysdt , dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn from dual;

SYSDT SCN
------------------- ----------
2017-12-14 14:28:33 16813234

[b](3)查看数据库可恢复的时间点[/b]

SQL> select * from V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG;

OLDEST_FLASHBACK_SCN OLDEST_FLASHBACK_TI RETENTION_TARGET FLASHBACK_SIZE ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE
-------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------------------
16801523 2017-12-14 11:35:05 4320 104857600 244113408

[b](4)查看闪回日志空间情况[/b]

SQL> select * from V$flashback_database_stat;
BEGIN_TIME END_TIME FLASHBACK_DATA DB_DATA REDO_DATA ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE
------------------- ------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------
2017-12-14 14:34:53 2017-12-14 14:56:43 1703936 9977856 1487872 0

[b](5)SCN和timestamp装换关系查询[/b]

select scn,to_char(time_dp,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')from sys.smon_scn_time;

[b](6)查看闪回restore_point[/b]

select scn, STORAGE_SIZE ,to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') time,NAME from v$restore_point;

[b](7)闪回语句[/b] a.闪回数据库

FLASHBACK DATABASE TO TIMESTAMP to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS');;
flashback database to scn 16813234;

b.闪回DROP 其中table_name可以是删除表名称，也可以是别名

flashback table table_name to before drop;
flashback table table_name to before drop rename to table_name_new;

c.闪回表

flashback table table_name to scn scn_number;
flashback table table_name to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');

d.闪回查询

select * from table_name as of timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
select * from scott.dept as of scn 16801523;

e.闪回快照

create restore point before_201712151111 guarantee flashback database;

flashback database to restore point before_201712151111;

[b](7)闪回空间爆满问题处理[/b] 请参照 [url=http://www.1sucai.cn/article/130700.htm]基于ORA-19815闪回空间爆满问题的处理方法[/url] 以上这篇基于Oracle闪回详解(必看篇)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持编程素材网。

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